Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants grouped by CKD status

Male, n (%)

521 (51.2)

249 (46.3)

272 (56.7)

0.001

Age, years

59.9 ± 13.1

57.0 ± 13.3

63.1 ± 12.0

<  0.001

Race, n (%)

0.114

 Mexican American

290 (28.5)

162 (30.1)

128 (26.7)

 Other Hispanic

30 (2.9)

18 (3.3)

12 (2.5)

 Non-Hispanic White

378 (37.1)

207 (38.5)

171 (35.6)

 Non-Hispanic Black

278 (27.3)

128 (23.8)

150 (31.2)

 Other Race

42 (4.1)

23 (4.3)

19 (4)

HbA1c, %

7.5 ± 1.8

7.4 ± 1.7

7.6 ± 1.9

0.091

ALB, g/L

40.7 ± 3.7

41.2 ± 3.2

40.2 ± 4.1

<  0.001

BUN, mmol/L

5.6 ± 3.2

4.6 ± 1.5

6.9 ± 4.0

<  0.001

Scr, μmol/L

91.3 ± 55.1

73.7 ± 15.5

111.0 ± 73.7

<  0.001

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

82.4 ± 39.7

94.4 ± 35.2

69.1 ± 40.1

<  0.001

ACR, mg/mmol

1.6 (0.8, 5.1)

0.9 (0.6, 1.5)

5.4 (2.7, 15.6)

<  0.001

CHO, mmol/L

5.2 ± 1.3

5.2 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 1.4

0.305

TG, mmol/L

2.2 ± 2.1

2.1 ± 1.9

2.3 ± 2.2

0.068

UA, μmol/L

334.2 ± 94.3

310.0 ± 79.5

361.2 ± 101.9

<  0.001

Hcy, μmol/L

10.2 ± 4.6

8.8 ± 3.0

11.8 ± 5.5

<  0.001