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Table 3 The association between the lifestyle and dietary insulinemic indices and incidence of chronic kidney disease: the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

From: High insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle is associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease incident in adults

 

Lifestyle and dietary insulinemic indices

 

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

EDIH

 Median score

0.009

0.096

0.170

0.272

0.516

 Follow up period

7.66 ± 2.84

7.87 ± 2.68

7.67 ± 2.75

7.82 ± 2.66

7.77 ± 2.67

 person-years

9263.2

9500.2

9274.0

9456.8

9395.4

 Case/Total

304/1209

247/1207

243/1209

221/1208

200/1208

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

328

259

262

233

212

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

0.87 (0.73–1.03)

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

1.09 (0.91–1.29)

1.06 (0.87–1.25)

 Model 2b

1.00 (Ref)

0.87 (0.73–1.05)

1.03 (0.86–1.23)

1.11 (0.92–1.33)

1.08 (0.89–1.31)

EDIR

 Median score

0.312

0.517

0.695

0.918

1.386

 Follow up period

7.81 ± 2.86

7.76 ± 2.71

7.70 ± 2.73

7.85 ± 2.62

7.66 ± 2.69

 person-years

9441.5

9393.1

9311.5

9490.4

9256.6

 Case/Total

242/1208

218/1208

238/1209

251/1209

266/1208

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

261

229

255

267

281

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

1.03 (0.86–1.22)

1.08 (0.91–1.29)

1.05 (0.87–1.25)

1.28 (1.07–1.52)

 Model 2b

1.00 (Ref)

1.01 (0.84–1.21)

1.14 (0.95–1.38)

1.02 (0.84–1.29)

1.29 (1.06–1.57)

ELIH

 Median score

0.98

1.17

1.31

1.45

1.69

 Follow up period

7.79 ± 3.04

7.87 ± 2.64

7.77 ± 2.81

7.63 ± 2.76

7.47 ± 2.79

 person-years

9552.1

9335.2

9237.9

9051.7

8877.0

 Case/Total

145/1187

225/1186

248/1188

278/1186

303/1187

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

151

241

268

307

341

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

1.13 (0.92–1.39)

1.23 (1.00–1.51)

1.18 (0.97–1.44)

1.34 (1.09–1.64)

 Model 2c

1.00 (Ref)

1.14 (0.91–1.41)

1.25 (1.01–1.55)

1.20 (0.97–1.48)

1.35 (1.10–1.67)

ELIR

 Median score

2.37

3.20

4.14

5.38

8.06

 Follow up period

7.83 ± 3.01

7.85 ± 2.81

7.76 ± 2.85

7.73 ± 2.68

7.67 ± 2.65

 person-years

9323.1

9212.6

9187.3

9100.0

9226.0

 Case/Total

219/1187

242/1186

226/1188

234/1186

277/1187

 Incidence rate (10.000 person year)

237

262

245

257

297

 Model 1a

1.00 (Ref)

1.06 (0.89–1.26)

1.18 (0.98–1.40)

1.13 (0.95–1.35)

1.24 (1.04–1.48)

 Model 2c

1.00 (Ref)

1.07 (0.90–1.29)

1.17 (0.97–1.41)

1.20 (1.00–1.45)

1.24 (1.02–1.51)

  1. Abbreviations: EDIH Empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia, ELIH Empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia, EDIR Empirical dietary index for insulin resistance, ELIR Empirical lifestyle index for insulin resistance
  2. a Model 1: adjusted for age and sex
  3. b Model 2: additionally adjusted for model 2 and body mass index, smoking, physical activity, education level, baseline eGFR, energy intake, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes
  4. c Model 2: additionally adjusted for model 2 and energy intake, smoking, education level, baseline eGFR, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes