Table 3 Multiple-regression analysis for associated risk factors stratified by eGFR and uACR.

Adjusted R²

0.324; p < 0.001

0.272; p < 0.001

Age, years

-0.49 (-0.33;-0.26)

< 0.001

-0.29 (-0.32;-0.18)

< 0.001

Sex, men

0.28 (0.24;0.37)

< 0.001

0.35 (0.67;1.04)

< 0.001

Locality, rural

0.04 (-0.01;0.10)

0.11

0.03 (-0.09;0.20)

0.42

BMI, kg/m²

-0.09 (-0.09;-0.02)

0.004

-0.12 (-0.20;-0.04)

0.005

SBP, mmHg

0.04 (-0.01;0.05)

0.18

0.11 (0.03;0.17)

0.005

HbA1c, %

0.01 (-0.03;0.03)

0.87

-0.01 (-0.08;0.07)

0.85

LDLC/HDLC ratio

-0.09 (-0.08;-0.02)

< 0.001

-0.17 (-0.28;-0.12)

< 0.001

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

0.09 (0.02;0.08)

0.001

0.10 (0.03;0.17)

0.005

GGT, U/L

0.03 (-0.02;0.06)

0.30

-0.01 (-0.07;0.05)

0.75

HIV infection, (%)

-0.02 (-0.10;0.06)

0.58

-0.09 (-0.42;-0.03)

0.026

Tobacco use, (%)

0.01 (-0.05;0.07)

0.73

0.05 (-0.04;0.25)

0.15

Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mmol)

uACR < 3.0 mg/mmol

(n = 1344)

uACR ≥ 3.0 mg/mmol

(n = 655)

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

Adjusted R²

0.037; p < 0.001

0.117; p < 0.001

Age, years

0.002 (-0.01;0.01)

0.95

-0.06 (-0.21;0.03)

0.15

Sex, women

-0.14 (-0.06;-0.02)

< 0.001

0.10 (0.07;0.73)

0.017

Locality, urban

-0.08 (-0.04;-0.01)

0.007

-0.11 (-0.61;-0.11)

0.006

BMI, kg/m²

-0.11 (-0.03;-0.01)

0.002

-0.11 (-0.32;-0.04)

0.013

SBP, mmHg

0.14 (0.01;0.03)

< 0.001

0.27 (0.28;0.53)

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

0.003 (-0.01;0.01)

0.92

-0.01 (-0.14;0.12)

0.91

LDLC/HDLC ratio

-0.04 (-0.01;0.002)

0.16

-0.03 (-0.20;0.09)

0.43

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

0.05 (-0.002;0.02)

0.12

0.12 (0.07;0.31)

0.002

GGT, U/L

0.04 (-0.003;0.02)

0.15

0.01 (-0.08;0.11)

0.80

HIV infection, (%)

0.02 (-0.02;0.03)

0.51

0.11 (0.11;0.73)

0.011

Tobacco use, (%)

0.01 (-0.02;0.02)

0.73

0.05 (-0.09;0.41)

0.22