Table 1 Statistical analysis results of data features between sarcopenia and control groups of different sexes

Basic information

Age, years

45.90 ± 11.04

61.00 ± 12.23

 <0 .001^***

48.57 ± 10.18

57.28 ± 14.23

0.001^**

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

0.006^**

0.327

 No

68(82.90%)

36(62.07%)

31(83.80%)

48(73.80%)

 Yes

14(17.10%)

22(37.93%)

6(16.20%)

17(26.20%)

Hypertension

0.833

0.464

 No

13(22.41%)

16(19.50%)

10(27.00%)

13(20.00%)

 Yes

45(77.59%)

66(80.50%)

27(73.00%)

52(80.00%)

Vascular access type

0.022^*

0.453

 Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)

78(95.10%)

48(82.80%)

31(83.80%)

49(75.40%)

 Central venous catheter (CVC)

4(4.90%)

10(17.20%)

6(16.20%)

16(24.60%)

Dialysis duration, months

36.00(47.00)

36.00(50.00)

0.358

43.00(39.50)

55.00(51.00)

0.165

Body measurement results

Strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs and falls (SARC-F),

10.00(10.00)

10.00(10.00)

0.013^*

10.00(0.00)

10.00(1.00)

0.014^*

Calf circumference (CC), cm

34.00(4.00)

32.50(5.00)

0.062

30.00(4.50)

30.00(4.75)

0.392

Waist circumference (WC), cm

88.50(12.50)

90.00(12.00)

0.612

81.80 ± 9.37

78.57 ± 9.39

0.098

Hip circumference (HC), cm

95.00(8.50)

95.00(11.00)

0.806

89.50(9.00)

86.50(8.00)

0.154

Arm without vascular access (AWVA)

1

 < 0.001^***

 The right arm

48(58.50%)

34(58.60%)

14(37.80%)

49(75.40%)

 The left arm

34(41.50%)

24(41.40%)

23(62.20%)

16(24.60%)

Handgrip strength (HGS), kg

36.36 ± 6.80

25.98 ± 6.74

 <0 .001^***

24.43 ± 4.69

16.60 ± 5.18

 < 0.001^***

6-m walk, m/s

1.10(0.13)

0.93(0.18)

 <0 .001^***

1.05(0.11)

0.89(0.19)

 < 0.001^***

Skeletal muscle index (SMI), kg/m²

8.54 ± 0.82

8.13 ± 0.94

0.007^**

6.88 ± 0.70

6.40 ± 0.84

0.004^**

Height, cm

169.00(8.00)

167.00(9.00)

0.017^*

156.24 ± 5.81

153.74 ± 5.46

0.032^*

Weight, kg

66.80(14.00)

65.30(16.30)

0.284

52.20(11.45)

51.00(10.25)

0.107

Body mass index (BMI), m/kg²

23.88(4.55)

23.94(3.90)

0.844

22.23 ± 3.04

21.52 ± 3.25

0.277

Laboratory findings

Red blood cell count (RBC), 10¹²/L

3.75(0.74)

3.77(0.80)

0.936

3.51 ± 0.46

3.61 ± 0.57

0.403

Hemoglobin (HGB), g/L

113.00(19.00)

111.00(20.00)

0.783

107.51 ± 13.10

106.65 ± 14.44

0.764

Hematocrit (HCT), L/L

0.35(0.06)

0.36(0.07)

0.508

0.34 ± 0.04

0.34 ± 0.05

0.786

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), fL

93.30(6.90)

93.80(6.10)

0.241

96.20(6.05)

94.20(6.65)

0.078

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), pg

30.10(2.40)

30.20(2.80)

0.245

30.20(2.00)

30.30(2.30)

0.209

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), g/L

322.00(20.00)

322.00(18.00)

0.911

317.49 ± 9.79

317.77 ± 11.41

0.9

Red blood cell distribution width—coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), %

14.90(2.10)

14.90(2.40)

0.21

14.90(1.10)

15.30(2.15)

0.048^*

Red blood cell distribution width—standard deviation (RDW-SD), fL

48.30(8.60)

49.20(8.50)

0.581

51.40(5.15)

50.70(6.05)

0.223

Platelet count (PLT), 10⁹/L

182.00(87.00)

161.00(86.00)

0.23

171.00(104.00)

162.00(82.50)

0.371

White blood cell count (WBC), 10⁹/L

6.29(2.13)

6.38(2.42)

0.869

6.31(2.71)

5.99(2.42)

0.197

Neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), %

67.26 ± 7.46

68.67 ± 7.46

0.27

67.70 ± 5.76

68.20 ± 9.60

0.744

Lymphocyte percentage (LY%), %

23.10 ± 6.22

21.02 ± 6.83

0.063

23.28 ± 5.23

22.54 ± 7.89

0.569

Monocyte percentage (MO%), %

5.30(2.20)

5.70(2.30)

0.156

4.80(2.30)

5.60(2.25)

0.215

Eosimophil percentage (EOS%), %

3.00(3.00)

2.90(3.60)

0.808

2.20(1.90)

2.60(3.05)

0.978

Basophil percentage (BASO%), %

0.30(0.30)

0.30(0.30)

0.395

0.30(0.20)

0.20(0.25)

0.164

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), 10⁹/L

4.29(1.92)

4.22(1.80)

0.762

4.14(1.98)

3.75(1.84)

0.16

Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), 10⁹/L

1.41(0.73)

1.28(0.60)

0.195

1.37(0.60)

1.23(0.89)

0.132

Absolute monocytes count (AMC), 10⁹/L

0.32(0.20)

0.38(0.15)

0.121

0.29(0.19)

0.31(0.17)

0.859

Absolute eosinophils count (AEC), 10⁹/L

0.18(0.19)

0.18(0.21)

0.601

0.13(0.12)

0.14(0.18)

0.805

Absolute basophil count (ABC), 10⁹/L

0.02(0.02)

0.02(0.02)

0.311

0.02(0.02)

0.01(0.01)

0.181

Total bilirubin (TBIL), μmol/L

6.70(3.90)

7.90(3.90)

0.1

7.30(2.95)

6.20(3.40)

0.048^*

Direct bilirubin (DBIL), μmol/L

2.00(1.30)

2.60(1.30)

0.018^*

1.90(1.20)

1.70(1.10)

0.473

Indirect bilitubin (IBIL), μmol/L

4.70(2.70)

5.50(2.60)

0.208

5.10(2.35)

4.40(2.60)

0.024^*

Alanine amiotransferase (ALT), IU/L

12.00(9.00)

14.00(10.00)

0.037^*

11.00(8.00)

11.00(7.00)

0.43

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IU/L

12.00(7.00)

15.00(8.00)

0.002^**

17.00(8.00)

16.00(4.50)

0.837

Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine amiotransferase (AST/ALT)

1.15(0.55)

1.07(0.49)

0.901

1.30(0.64)

1.40(0.58)

0.125

Total protein (TP), g/L

71.08 ± 4.71

70.38 ± 3.65

0.33

71.20(7.35)

70.50(7.15)

0.23

Albumin (ALB), g/L

43.80(4.90)

43.60(4.00)

0.258

44.00(4.40)

42.50(5.90)

0.021^*

Globulin (GLB), g/L

26.77 ± 3.68

26.71 ± 3.55

0.922

28.13 ± 4.78

28.18 ± 5.04

0.956

Albumin/globulin (A/G)

1.69 ± 0.27

1.67 ± 0.28

0.702

1.53(0.42)

1.50(0.44)

0.337

Fasting blood glucose (FBG), mmol/L

5.12(0.93)

5.61(2.76)

0.007^**

4.91(0.96)

5.09(1.57)

0.254

Pre-dialysis urea (pre-URE), mmol/L

24.07 ± 5.84

22.65 ± 6.46

0.178

22.57 ± 5.08

21.65 ± 6.42

0.429

Pre-dialysis creatinine (pre-CRE), μmol/L

1140.94 ± 234.52

947.41 ± 237.84

 <0 .001^***

924.11 ± 174.82

818.63 ± 203.91

0.01^*

Cystatin C (CysC), mg/L

6.93(1.33)

6.82(1.86)

0.454

6.40 ± 1.04

6.72 ± 1.06

0.142

Uric acid (UA), μmol/L

453.13 ± 97.99

432.09 ± 103.48

0.223

419.65 ± 79.52

388.97 ± 108.40

0.105

Triglyceride (TG), mmol/L

1.85(1.23)

1.45(1.13)

0.035^*

1.39(1.56)

1.35(0.75)

0.459

Cholesterol (CHOL), mmol/L

3.65(1.15)

3.47(0.92)

0.198

4.01(1.19)

3.77(1.14)

0.524

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), mmol/L

0.84(0.33)

0.95(0.45)

0.014^*

1.09 ± 0.30

1.19 ± 0.35

0.118

Low density lipoprotein (LDL), mmol/L

1.96(0.89)

1.85(0.87)

0.341

2.11(0.93)

1.94(0.96)

0.648

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), IU/L

75.00(32.00)

77.00(32.00)

0.249

84.00(53.50)

84.00(51.00)

0.981

γ-glutamyl transpeptadase (GGT), IU/L

18.00(16.00)

19.00(22.00)

0.4

13.00(11.00)

13.00(15.00)

0.425

Serum sodium (s-Na), mmol/L

138.69 ± 2.23

138.50 ± 2.64

0.644

138.13 ± 2.19

137.27 ± 3.26

0.116

Serum potassium (s-K), mmol/L

4.68(0.80)

4.82(1.18)

0.842

4.98 ± 0.68

4.80 ± 0.74

0.231

Serum chloride (s-Cl), mmol/L

97.78 ± 3.26

97.74 ± 4.38

0.946

98.63 ± 4.00

98.17 ± 4.13

0.586

Carbon dioxide combining power (CO₂CP), mmol/L

21.55 ± 2.66

22.25 ± 2.72

0.131

21.57 ± 3.26

21.59 ± 3.15

0.975

Anion gap (AG), mmol/L

24.11 ± 3.05

23.27 ± 4.12

0.192

22.91 ± 3.22

22.32 ± 4.09

0.452

Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HBA), mmol/L

0.10(0.07)

0.09(0.10)

0.882

0.11(0.09)

0.11(0.10)

0.958

Serum calcium (s-Ca), mmol/L

2.29 ± 0.20

2.27 ± 0.21

0.69

2.31 ± 0.16

2.31 ± 0.20

0.863

Serum magnesium (s-Mg), mmol/L

1.05 ± 0.12

1.06 ± 0.13

0.478

1.07(0.21)

1.03(0.22)

0.235

Serum inorganic phosphorus (s-IP), mmol/L

1.98 ± 0.48

1.76 ± 0.50

0.01^*

1.87 ± 0.47

1.82 ± 0.49

0.576

Serum iron (s-I), μmol/L

14.10(8.70)

14.10(6.20)

0.966

14.00(7.30)

11.80(7.45)

0.34

Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), μmol/L

46.20(13.40)

45.20(12.00)

0.509

41.90(13.35)

42.67(13.40)

0.694

Transferrin saturation (TSAT), %

30.48(17.60)

32.40(12.40)

0.933

32.40(19.50)

27.10(14.05)

0.233

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), pmol/L

36.56(40.89)

24.87(23.80)

0.001^**

37.06(35.02)

36.70(36.18)

0.71

Serum ferritin (s-Fe), μg/L

249.50(373.80)

331.50(378.80)

0.214

450.30(516.00)

300.00(351.15)

0.244

C-reactive protein (CRP), μg/L

4.28(5.64)

4.16(9.14)

0.988

2.15(4.54)

2.84(5.37)

0.878

β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), mg/mL

40.56 ± 10.54

42.04 ± 13.76

0.472

41.50(17.25)

39.60(15.20)

0.802

Post-dialysis urea (post-URE), mmol/L

7.90(2.90)

7.90(4.40)

0.535

5.40(2.15)

4.90(2.00)

0.132

Post-dialysis creatinine (post-CRE), μmol/L

450.12 ± 132.64

371.53 ± 105.75

 <0 .001^***

276.00(72.50)

248.00(90.00)

0.009^**