Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

 Age (years)

67.26 ± 14.43

70.37 ± 13.28

0.048

 Gender (male) [n(%)]

57 (52.80)

161 (64.40)

0.039

 Heart rate (mean ± SD)

87.63 ± 13.64

88.74 ± 18.33

0.571

 Respiratory rate (mean ± SD)

19.82 ± 4.87

20.11 ± 4.54

0.588

 SBP(mean ± SD)(mmHg)

116.17 ± 21.07

111.83 ± 18.05

0.049

 DBP(mean ± SD)(mmHg)

56.28 ± 11.88

57.50 ± 11.57

0.366

 MAP(mean ± SD)(mmHg)

75.01 ± 13.62

73.61 ± 12.53

0.348

 SPO₂ (%)

97.03 ± 2.02

96.78 ± 2.94

0.420

 Vasopressin used [n(%)]

56 (51.90)

158 (63.20)

0.044

 RRT used [n(%)]

6 (5.60)

26 (10.40)

0.140

 Lactate (mg/dl)

2.70 ± 1.91

2.91 ± 2.01

0.396

 Glucose (md/dl)

156.65 ± 72.61

154.53 ± 70.10

0.796

 White blood cell (10⁹/l)

15.58 ± 14.76

14.13 ± 9.89

0.280

 Platelet (10⁹/l)

228.41 ± 111.73

229.68 ± 138.27

0.933

 Sodium (mmol/l)

138.27 ± 6.13

138.16 ± 6.50

0.882

 Potassium (mmol/l)

4.35 ± 0.74

4.35 ± 0.69

0.981

 Bicarbonate (mmol/l)

21.95 ± 5.08

22.14 ± 4.98

0.752

 Chloride (mmol/l)

105.02 ± 7.89

104.56 ± 7.59

0.603

 Anion gap (mmol/l)

15.72 ± 3.55

15.95 ± 3.81

0.586

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

2.07 ± 1.45

1.97 ± 1.20

0.504

 C-Reactive protein(mg/dl)

72.54 ± 79.13

99.61 ± 83.44

0.004

 Albumin (g/dl)

3.07 ± 0.62

2.85 ± 0.58

0.001

 CAR

25.05 ± 27.47

36.50 ± 31.96

0.001

 SOFA

5.69 ± 2.83

6.34 ± 3.62

0.097

 GCS

13.62 ± 2.47

13.45 ± 2.61

0.561

 SAPS II

42.48 ± 11.61

46.37 ± 14.40

0.014

 Congestive heart failure

40 (37.00)

110 (44.00)

0.220

 Hypertension

29 (26.90)

56 (22.40)

0.364

 Diabetes

48 (44.40)

98 (39.20)

0.354

 Stroke

3 (2.80)

17 (6.80)

0.128

 Chronic renal disease

33 (30.60)

75 (30.00)

0.916

 Chronic liver disease

11 (10.20)

29 (11.60)

0.697

 Malignancy

6 (5.60)

30 (12.00)

0.063