Fig. 2

Characteristics of inflammatory cells in the granulomatous arteritis and tubulointerstitial nephritis. In renal granulomatous vasculitis (A-J), many CD3⁺ T cells (A) and CD163⁺ macrophages (B) infiltrated the arterial intima, media, and adventitia up to around the interlobular artery. Many infiltrative inflammatory cells were positive for Ki67 (C), indicating that infiltrating cells were proliferating in the vasculitis lesion. (D, E) Inflammatory cells were PD-1 negative and PD-L1 positive. (F, G) In CD3⁺ cells, abundant CD8⁺ T cells and less predominantly CD4⁺ T cells were noted. (H) Only a few CD25⁺ cells (arrowhead) were detected, however almost all cells were negative for CD25. Infiltrating cells were positive for granzyme B (GrB) (arrow in I) and cytotoxic granule T cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) (J), indicating effector and cytotoxic T cells. In tubulointerstitial nephritis (K-O), a similar phenotype of infiltrating cells, such as CD3⁺ T cells (K), predominantly CD8⁺ T cells (L), without CD25 expression (M), but positive for TIA-1 (N) were noted in interstitium. (O) Many CD163⁺ macrophages were also evident in intersitium. (A-G, K-M, O) × 200; (H-J, N) × 400