Table 1 Comparison between cases and controls concerning demographics and associated comorbidities, baseline laboratory investigations, and baseline relevant medications

Demographics and co-morbidities

Age (years)

61.07 ± 7.3

58.9 ± 7.2

-4.7

0.45

t= -1.64

p = 0.105

Gender, No. (%)

Male

Female

32 (53.3%)

28 (46.7%)

32 (53.3%)

28 (46.7%)

0.78

1.642

X² = 0.8

p = 1.00

BMI (Kg/m²)

31.5 ± 3.8

31.1 ± 3.4

-1.5

0.98

t= -0.46

p = 0.506

DM, No. (%)

22 (36.7%)

25 (41.7%)

-0.5

0.87

X² = 0.57

p = 0.709

HTN, No. (%)

37 (61.7%)

36 (60%)

-0.6

2.2

X² = 0.035

p = 0.8

Dyslipidemia, No. (%)

38 (63.3%)

38 (63.3%)

1.2

2.3

X² = 0.035

p = 0.8

Stroke, No. (%)

7 (11.7%)

6 (10%)

-0.11

0.27

 F = 0.035

p = 0.8

IBD, No. (%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.7%)

-0.49

0.09

 F = 0.035

p = 0.8

Malignancy, No. (%)

1 (1.7%)

2 (3.3%)

0.008

0.09

 F = 0.035

p = 0.8

Baseline laboratory investigations

Urinalysis No. (%)

- Proteinuria

- Hematuria

- Pus cells

33 (55%)

14 (23.33%)

16 (26.67%)

29 (48.33%)

17 (28.33%)

21 (35%)

0.77

0.2

0.25

1.64

0.7

0.67

X² = 0.35; p = 0.46

X² = 0.3; p = 0.56

X² = 0.45; p = 0.76

Protein/ creatinine ratio

2.7 ± 1.2

2.4 ± 1.15

-0.73

0.12

t= -1.39

p = 0.16

Hb (g/dl)

11.04 ± 0.8

11.3 ± 1.08

-0.083

0.6

t = 1.48

p = 0.13

Platelets

239.8 ± 63.97

238.5 ± 52.28

-21.8

19.88

t= -0.095

p = 0.33

WBCs

7.33 ± 1.81

7.27 ± 1.81

-0.7

0.59

t= -0.18

p = 0.848

Serum urea (mg/dl)

49.58 ± 11.5

48.6 ± 12.6

-5.34

3.38

t= -0.45

p = 0.656

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

1.59 ± 0.19

1.64 ± 0.27

-0.034

0.13

t = 1.17

p = 0.276

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

5.74 ± 1.39

5.46 ± 1.18

-0.74

0.18

t= -1.19

p = 0.230

Total Cholesterol (mg/dl)

195.32 ± 16.32

193.7 ± 18.6

-7.94

4.7

t= -0.51

p = 0.61

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

146.12 ± 15.9

145.56 ± 18.7

-6.89

5.65

t= -0.196

p = 0.9

HDL (mg/dl)

60.03 ± 8.3

59.18 ± 9.32

-4.04

2.34

t= -0.52

p = 0.598

LDL (mg/dl)

124.2 ± 13.7

124.7 ± 16.5

-4.98

5.98

t = 0.18

p = 0.862

ALT (U/L)

30.27 ± 6.9

30.35 ± 9.5

-2.9

3.08

t = 0.053

p = 0.1

AST (U/L)

40.28 ± 11.5

39.85 ± 10.8

-4.4

3.7

t= -0.21

p = 0.2

Serum sodium (mg/dl)

140.3 ± 3.7

140.17 ± 2.7

-1.3

1.04

t= -0.22

p = 0.823

Serum potassium (mg/dl)

4.6 ± 0.6

4.5 ± 0.61

-0.32

0.12

t= -0.91

p = 0.351

Total calcium(mg/dl)

8.91 ± 0.77

9.01 ± 0.61

-0.14

0.36

t = 0.86

p = 0.440

Serum Phosphorous (mg/dl)

3.53 ± 0.85

3.62 ± 0.89

-0.22

0.4

t = 0.56

p = 0.15

Estimated GFR (ml/min./1.73 m²)

47.7 ± 7.75

46.88 ± 7.14

-3.5

1.87

t= -0.6

p = 0.543

CKD stage, No. (%)

Stage 3 A

Stage 3B

41 (68.3)

19 (31.7)

34 (56.7)

26 (43.3)

1.54

2.9

X² = 0.35

p = 0.258

Baseline relevant medications

ACEI

26 (43.3%)

23 (38.3%)

0.49

1.12

X² = 0.3

p = 0.57

ARBs

19 (31.6%)

22 (36.67%)

0.28

0.7

X² = 0.3

p = 0.56

SGLT2 inhibitors

18 (30%)

20 (33.3%)

0.25

0.67

X² = 0.15

p = 0.69