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Table 1 Baseline demographics and disease characteristics of patients with CKD by dialysis status and disease stage

From: Rates of adverse clinical events in patients with chronic kidney disease: analysis of electronic health records from the UK clinical practice research datalink linked to hospital data

Demographic

DD-CKDa

IDD-CKDa

NDD-CKD

(n = 3,931)

(n = 3,330)

Overall

Stage 3a

Stage 3b

Stage 4

Stage 5

(n = 310,352)

(n = 222,651)

(n = 71,367)

(n = 15,033)

(n = 1,301)

Age, years, median (IQR)

67 (57–74)

67 (57–74)

76 (69–83)

75 (68–81)

80 (74–85)

82 (74–87)

78 (68–85)

Female, n (%)

1,539 (39.2)

1,301 (39.1)

187,419 (60.4)

131,817 (59.2)

45,676 (64.0)

9,212 (61.3)

714 (54.9)

Race, n (%)

 White

3,540 (90.1)

3,016 (90.6)

291,979 (94.1)

209,584 (94.1)

67,226 (94.2)

13,983 (93.0)

1,186 (91.2)

 Black

111 (2.8)

86 (2.6)

1,915 (0.6)

1,393 (0.6)

361 (0.5)

139 (0.9)

22 (1.7)

 Asian

199 (5.6)

161 (5.3)

4,572 (1.5)

3,363 (1.5)

932 (1.3)

245 (1.8)

32 (2.9)

 Other

42 (1.1)

34 (1.0)

1,838 (0.6)

1,340 (0.6)

399 (0.6)

83 (0.6)

16 (1.2)

 Unknown

18 (0.5)

18 (0.5)

9,422 (3.0)

6,498 (2.9)

2,333 (3.3)

552 (3.7)

39 (3.0)

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

27.1 (23.8–31.5)

27.1 (23.8–31.5)

26.9 (23.9–30.4)

27.0 (24.1–30.4)

26.6 (23.5–30.1)

26.5 (23.4–30.2)

26.1 (23.0–30.2)

Systolic BP, mmHg, median (IQR)

138 (124–150)

138 (124–150)

140 (129–150)

140 (129–149)

140 (128–150)

140 (125–150)

140 (125–150)

Diastolic BP, mmHg, median (IQR)

74 (66–80)

74 (66–80)

78 (70–82)

78 (70–83)

77 (70–82)

75 (68–80)

75 (68–81)

Follow-up duration, years, median (IQR)

2.3 (0.7–4.8)

1.9 (0.5–4.1)

4.9 (2.4–8.1)

5.2 (2.6–8.3)

4.4 (2.2–7.5)

3.3 (1.6–6.0)

2.7 (1.4–5.2)

Medical history and comorbiditiesb, n (%)

 Angina pectoris

470 (12.0)

413 (12.4)

21,598 (7.0)

14,192 (6.4)

5,833 (8.2)

1,461 (9.7)

112 (8.6)

 Coronary artery disease

761 (19.4)

673 (20.2)

16,646 (5.4)

11,186 (5.0)

4,209 (5.9)

1,137 (7.6)

114 (8.8)

 Myocardial infarction

322 (8.2)

270 (8.1)

8,573 (2.8)

5,130 (2.3)

2,561 (3.6)

807 (5.4)

75 (5.8)

 Atrial fibrillation

248 (6.3)

216 (6.5)

15,469 (5.0)

9,957 (4.5)

4,452 (6.2)

988 (6.6)

72 (5.5)

 Atrial flutter

780 (19.8)

680 (20.4)

22,751 (7.3)

14,017 (6.3)

6,801 (9.5)

1,786 (11.9)

147 (11.3)

 Diabetes (type 1 or 2)

1,577 (40.1)

1,374 (41.3)

40,667 (13.1)

27,328 (12.3)

10,260 (14.4)

2,798 (18.6)

281 (21.6)

 Diabetic nephropathy

660 (16.8)

594 (17.8)

1,374 (0.4)

686 (0.3)

370 (0.5)

245 (1.6)

73 (5.6)

 Cardiac valve disease

576 (14.7)

501 (15.0)

8,495 (2.7)

5,321 (2.4)

2,480 (3.5)

643 (4.3)

51 (3.9)

 Dyslipidemia

855 (21.8)

759 (22.8)

15,470 (5.0)

10,661 (4.8)

3,763 (5.3)

950 (6.3)

96 (7.4)

 Hypertension

2,375 (60.4)

2,049 (61.5)

99,588 (32.1)

67,787 (30.4)

25,345 (35.5)

5,883 (39.1)

573 (44.0)

 Peripheral artery disease

683 (17.4)

593 (17.8)

10,696 (3.4)

6,588 (3.0)

3,117 (4.4)

895 (6.0)

96 (7.4)

 Thrombosis

423 (10.8)

359 (10.8)

8,257 (2.7)

5,536 (2.5)

2,165 (3.0)

513 (3.4)

43 (3.3)

Laboratory parameters, median (IQR)

 Hb, g/dL

10.6 (9.5–11.9)

10.6 (9.5–11.9)

13.3 (12.2–14.3)

13.5 (12.5–14.4)

12.8 (11.7–13.8)

11.9 (10.7–13.0)

11.0 (9.8–12.2)

 CRP, mg/L

10.0 (5.0–34.0)

10.0 (4.5–32.0)

5.0 (3.0–11.0)

5.0 (2.6–10.0)

6.0 (3.0–14.0)

8.0 (4.0–19.2)

10.0 (4.4–30.0)

 UACR, mg/gc

20.4 (3.9–113.3)

21.2 (4.3–122.6)

1.8 (0.8–4.4)

1.5 (0.7–3.4)

2.1 (1.0–6.7)

5.2 (1.9–17.3)

15.7 (2.8–68.8)

Medications, n (%)

 ACEi

1,160 (29.5)

1,007 (30.2)

104,463 (33.7)

71,933 (32.3)

26,426 (37.0)

5,695 (37.9)

409 (31.4)

 ARB

829 (21.1)

758 (22.8)

41,319 (13.3)

28,670 (12.9)

10,054 (14.1)

2,412 (16.0)

183 (14.1)

 Statins

2,183 (55.5)

1,961 (58.9)

122,784 (39.6)

90,009 (40.4)

26,478 (37.1)

5,767 (38.4)

530 (40.7)

 NSAID

1,583 (40.3)

1,409 (42.3)

134,511 (43.3)

93,524 (42.0)

33,465 (46.9)

7,019 (46.7)

503 (38.7)

 Loop diuretics

1,874 (47.7)

1,723 (51.7)

58,086 (18.7)

31,645 (14.2)

19,397 (27.2)

6,474 (43.1)

570 (43.8)

  1. Abbreviations: ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CKD chronic kidney disease, CRP C-reactive protein, DD dialysis-dependent, Hb hemoglobin, IDD incident dialysis-dependent, IQR interquartile range, NDD non–dialysis-dependent, NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
  2. aIncludes patients who had NDD-CKD at index
  3. bComorbidities with > 5.0% prevalence in any cohort
  4. cProportions of patients with missing data were 86.1% (DD-CKD), 84.8% (IDD-CKD), 91.9% (NDD-CKD overall), 91.8% (stage 3a NDD-CKD), 92.4% (stage 3b NDD-CKD), 91.5% (stage 4 NDD-CKD), and 92.9% (stage 5 NDD-CKD)
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