Fig. 1

Schematic diagram summarizing the study design. (A) Total 37 patients were recruited and 16 were randomized for 3 months exercise during each hemodialysis session. (B) The plasma samples for proteomic analysis were collected at the enrollment time and 3 months later in exercise group. The LC-MS/MS analysis methods was performed and the DIA data from individual samples were analyzed to determine significantly regulated protein. The bioinformatics analysis was used for protein functional annotation and protein–protein interaction. (C) To validate proteome data, the ELISA analysis was used for plasma sample of exercise group. The change of protein expression levels was also compare to the sample from age-matched healthy controls