Table 2 Predictive variables included in the models. In the table, (✔) and (✘) indicate whether the variable has been used or not in the models, respectively
From: Validated risk prediction models for outcomes of acute kidney injury: a systematic review
Variable | Chawla et al. [25] | Itenov et al. [38] | James et al. [39] | Lee et al. [40] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
Age | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Gender/Sex | Male/Female | Female | Male | ✘ |
African American/Hispanic/ | ||||
Race | Caucasian/Other | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Laboratory data | ||||
Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dL | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Discharge serum creatinine, mg/dL | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Delta creatinine, mg/dL | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Urinary output, mL/kg/h | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Delta urinary output, mL/kg/h | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Interleukin-8 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Interleukin-16 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
AKI stage | ✘ | ✘ | 1/2/3 | ✘ |
Albuminuria | ✘ | ✘ | Normal/Mild/Heavy/Unmeasured | ✘ |
Baseline serum albumin (Alb) | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Serum albumin (Alb) | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Baseline serum hemoglobin (Hgb) | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Serum hemoglobin (Hgb) | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Total bilirubin | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Maximum urea before the first AKI-3 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Maximum white blood cell count before first AKI-3 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Preadmission platelet count, ×103/µl | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Comorbidities | ||||
Apache II score | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Oliguria | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mechanical ventilation | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Never/During hospitalization/ | ||||
Dialysis | Post hospitalization | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chronic liver disease | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | Yes/No |
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Arterial pH (Z-score) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Platelets | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mean arterial pressure | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Acute tubular necrosis | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Time at risk (years)1 | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Hospital complexity | 1 A/1B/1 C/2/3 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Residency slots | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Teaching hospital2 | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Sepsis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Mechanical ventilation | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
APS III score | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Diabetes | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Congestive heart failure | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Moderate or severe liver disease | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
SAPS II score | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
SOFA score | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
RRT on the first AKI-3 day in ICU | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Hypertension | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Surgery/trauma | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Diuretic | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Renal toxic drugs | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Emergency department | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Variable | Chen et al. [ 41 ] | He et al. [ 42 ] | Huang et al. [ 43 ] | Pike et al. [ 44 ] |
Demographics | ||||
Age | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
Gender/Sex | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
BMI, kg/m2 | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Laboratory data | ||||
Baseline serum creatinine, mg/dL | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Delta creatinine, mg/dL | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Urinary output, mL/kg/h | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Delta urinary output, mL/kg/h | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Interleukin-8 | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Interleukin-16 | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
AKI stage | ✘ | 1/2/3 | ✘ | ✘ |
Albuminuria | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Baseline serum albumin (Alb) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Serum albumin (Alb) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Baseline serum hemoglobin (Hgb) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Serum hemoglobin (Hgb) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Total bilirubin | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Maximum urea before first AKI-3 | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Maximum white blood cell count before first AKI-3 | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Preadmission platelet count, ×103/µl | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Comorbidities | ||||
Apache II score | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Oliguria | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Mechanical ventilation | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Diabetes mellitus (DM) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Dialysis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chronic liver disease | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Renal replacement therapy (RRT) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Arterial pH (Z-score) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Platelets | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Mean arterial pressure | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ |
Acute tubular necrosis | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Time at risk (years) | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Hospital complexity | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Residency slots | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Teaching hospital | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Sepsis | ✘ | ✘ | Yes/No | ✘ |
Mechanical ventilation | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
APS III score | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Diabetes | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Congestive heart failure | ✘ | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ |
Moderate or severe liver disease | ✘ | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ |
SAPS II score | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
SOFA score | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
RRT on the first AKI-3 day in ICU | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ |
Hypertension | ✘ | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ |
Surgery/trauma | ✘ | Yes/No | ✔ | ✘ |
Diuretic | ✘ | Yes/No | ✘ | ✘ |
Renal toxic drugs | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Emergency department | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ |
Renal toxic drugs | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |
Emergency department | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ |