Fig. 1From: A Mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH) vitamin D levels on diabetic nephropathyA Design of control groups. B Basic assumptions of mendelian randomization and main design of this study. the IV, instrumental variable. eGFRcyea, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate. UACR, urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio. DM, diabetes mellitus. DN, diabetic nephropathy. T1D, type 1 diabetes. T2D, type 2 diabetesBack to article page