Table 2 Types of drug-related problems and pharmacists’ interventions and outcomes according to the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe DRP classification tool V8.03
Primary domain | PCNE Code | Number and Frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|
Problems | N = 205 | |
Treatment effectiveness | P1 | 104 (50,7) |
No effect of drug treatment | P1.1 | 1 (0,5) |
Effect of drug treatment not optimal | P1.2 | 69 (33,6) |
Untreated symptoms or indication | P1.3 | 34 (16,6) |
Treatment safety | P2 | 90 (43,9) |
Adverse drug event (possibly) occurring | P2.1 | 90 (43,9) |
Other | P3 | 11 (5,4) |
Problem with cost-effectiveness of the treatment | P3.1 | 0 (0,0) |
Unnecessary drug-treatment | P3.2 | 4 (2,0) |
Unclear problem/complaint | P3.3 | 7 (3,4) |
Intervention | N = 550 | |
No intervention | I0 | 0 (0,0) |
At prescriber level | I1 | 402 (73,1) |
Prescriber informed only | I1.1 | 205 (37,3) |
Prescriber asked for information | I1.2 | 2 (0,4) |
Intervention proposed to prescriber | I1.3 | 195 (35,4) |
At patient level | I2 | 25 (4,5) |
Patient (drug) counselling | I2.1 | 25 (4,5) |
At drug level | I3 | 123 (22,4) |
Drug changed to … | I3.1 | 22 (4,0) |
Dosage changed to … | I3.2 | 27 (4,9) |
Formulation changed to … | I3.3 | 2 (0,4) |
Instructions for use changed to … | I3.4 | 24 (4,4) |
Drug paused or stopped | I3.5 | 30 (5,4) |
Drug started | I3.6 | 18 (3,3) |
Other intervention or activity | I4 | 0 (0,0) |
Side effect reported to authorities | I4.2 | 0 (0,0) |
Implementation | N = 205 | |
Intervention accepted | A1 | 188 (91,7) |
Intervention accepted and fully implemented | A1.1 | 147 (71,7) |
Intervention accepted, partially implemented | A1.2 | 6 (2,9) |
Intervention accepted but not implemented | A1.3 | 30 (14,6) |
Intervention accepted, implementation unknown | A1.4 | 5 (2,4) |
Intervention not accepted | A2 | 10 (4,9) |
Intervention not accepted: no agreement | A2.2 | 9 (4,4) |
Intervention not accepted: other reason (specify) | A2.3 | 1 (0,5) |
Other | A3 | 7 (3,4) |
Intervention not proposed | A3.2 | 7 (3,4) |
Outcome of intervention | N = 205 | |
Not known | O0 | 6 (2,9) |
Problem status unknown | O0.1 | 6 (2,9) |
Solved | O1 | 147 (71,7) |
Problem totally solved | O1.1 | 147 (71,7) |
Partially solved | O2 | 4 (1,9) |
Problem partially solved | O2.1 | 4 (1,9) |
Not solved | O3 | 48 (23,4) |
Problem not solved, lack of cooperation of patient | O3.1 | 0 (0,0) |
Problem not solved, lack of cooperation of prescriber | O3.2 | 13 (6,3) |
Problem not solved; intervention not effective | O3.3 | 17 (8,3) |
No need or possibility to solve problem | O3.4 | 18 (8,8) |