Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis of clinical and laboratory features against oxygen demand (severe disease)
Variables | Not severe COVID-19 N = 89 | Severe COVID-19 N = 17 | p | ORa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical features | ||||
 Age (years, mean ± SD) | 64.1 ± 11.8 | 73.8 ± 9.8 | 0.004 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) |
 Male sex (N, %) | 43 (48.3%) | 7 (41.2%) | 0.600 | 0.75 (0.25, 2.13) |
 Fever at presentation (N, %) | 20 (22.5%) | 10 (58.8%) | 0.004 | 4.93 (1.68, 15.2) |
 No. of vaccinations (mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.4 |  < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.22, 0.53) |
 No. of comorbidities (mean ± SD) | 1.9 ± 1.00 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.004 | 2.52 (1.37, 4.90) |
 Hypertension (N, %)b | 75(84.3%) | 10 (58.8%) | 0.021 | 0.27 (0.09, 0.84) |
 Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 72(80.90%) | 12 (70.6%) | 0.300 | 0.57 (0.18, 1.97) |
 Cardiovascular diseases (N, %) | 11(12.4%) | 7 (41.8%) | 0.007 | 4.96 (1.53, 15.9) |
 Psychosis (N, %) | 4 (4.5%) | 3 (17.7%) | 0.063 | 4.55 (0.83, 22.9) |
 Severe obesityc (N, %) | 5 (5.6%) | 1 (5.9%) |  > 0.9 | 1.05 (0.05, 7.11) |
Laboratory features (mean ± SD) | ||||
 Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.1 ± 0.9 | 8.1 ± 1.0 | 0.002 | 1.36 (1.13, 1.74) |
 Albumin (mg/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.4 |  < 0.001 | 0.02 (0.00, 0.17) |
 C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 3.7 ± 2.1 |  < 0.001 | 1.66 (1.27, 2.25) |
 Presepsin (pg/mL) | 3,881 ± 3,550 | 2,491 ± 1,927 | 0.041 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
 Procalcitonin (μg/L) | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 0.013 | 2.22 (1.34, 4.74) |
 D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1.2 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 0.300 | 1.13 (0.91, 1.54) |
 Aspartate transaminase (μ/L) | 18.6 ± 7.7 | 32.5 ± 21.1 | 0.002 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.17) |
 Alanine transaminase (μ/L) | 18.0 ± 8.3 | 19.5 ± 8.1 | 0.500 | 1.02 (0.958, 1.08) |
 Lactatedehydrogenase (u/l) | 388.0 ± 91.4 | 475.2 ± 207.2 | 0.002 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) |
 Brain natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) | 10,974 ± 11,174 | 24,823 ± 14,452 | 0.001 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
 Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 10.5 ± 1.0 | 10.2 ± 1.4 | 0.400 | 0.83 (0.50, 1.33) |
 Red cell distribution width (%) | 14.1 ± 1.6 | 16.5 ± 2.7 |  < 0.001 | 1.78 (1.36, 2.45) |
 Total lymphocyte count (/mm3) | 1,188.5 ± 542.8 | 916.2 ± 274.5 | 0.051 | 1.00 (0.997, 1) |
 Total platelet count (103/mm3) | 168.3 ± 55.8 | 131.7 ± 35.9 | 0.013 | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) |
 Plateletcrit (%) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.0 | 0.020 | 0.00(0.00,0.041) |
 Platelet distribution width (%) | 10.5 ± 1.8 | 11.9 ± 2.3 | 0.014 | 1.38 (1.08, 1.82) |
 Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio | 5.4 ± 3.1 | 6.6 ± 2.6 | 0.200 | 1.09 (0.93, 1.27) |
 Leukocyte glucose indexd | 901.7 ± 536.9 | 999.3 ± 1,012.9 | 0.600 | 1.00 (0.999, 1) |
 CT scoree(mean ± SD) | 0.5 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 3.6 |  < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.29, 2.05) |