Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample according to hemoglobin level
Characteristic | Total (N = 226) | Hb ˂ 11 g/dl | Hb ≥ 11 g/dl | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | ||||
Gender | 0.119 | |||
Male | 121 (53.5) | 66 (49.3) | 55 (59.8) | |
Female | 105 (46.5) | 68 (50.7) | 37 (40.2) | |
Age category (years) | 0.279 | |||
< 60 | 113 (50.0) | 71 (53.0) | 42 (45.7) | |
≥ 60 | 113 (50.0) | 63 (47.0) | 50 (54.3) | |
Locality | 0.391 | |||
Rural | 117 (51.8) | 53 (39.6) | 33 (53.9) | |
Urban | 86 (38.1) | 65 (48.5) | 52 (56.5) | |
Camp | 23 (10.2) | 16 (11.9) | 7 (7.6) | |
Marital status | 0.61 | |||
Married | 178 (78.8) | 104 (77.6) | 74 (80.4) | |
Single | 48 (21.2) | 30 (22.4) | 18 (19.6) | |
Level of education | 0.95 | |||
Illiterate | 19 (8.4) | 12 (9.0) | 7 (7.6) | |
Primary | 80 (35.4) | 47 (35.1) | 33 (35.9) | |
Secondary | 86 (38.1) | 52 (38.8) | 34 (37.0) | |
University | 41 (18.1) | 23 (17.2) | 18 (19.2) | |
Employment status | 0.555 | |||
Unemployed | 89 (39.4) | 55 (41.0) | 34 (37.0) | |
Employed | 13 (5.8) | 9 (6.7) | 4 (4.3) | |
Previously employed before renal failure | 124 (54.9) | 70 (52.2) | 54 (58.7) | |
Smoking | 0.249 | |||
Current smoker | 52 (23) | 33 (24.6) | 19 (20.7) | |
Previous smoker | 38 (16.8) | 18 (13.4) | 20 (21.7) | |
Nonsmoker | 136 (60.2) | 83 (61.9) | 52 (56.5) | |
Exercise | 0.324 | |||
No | 209 (92.5) | 122 (91) | 87 (94.6) | |
yes | 17 (7.5) | 11 (8.2) | 5 (5.4) | |
Family history | 0.501 | |||
No | 187 (82.7) | 109 (81.3) | 78 (84.8) | |
Yes | 39 (17.3) | 25 (18.7) | 14 (15.2) | |
Herbal use | 0.285 | |||
No | 103 (45.6) | 65 (48.5) | 38 (41.3) | |
Yes | 123 (54.4) | 69 (51.5) | 54 (58.7) | |
Total number of medications | 0.16 | |||
< 7 | 115 (50.9) | 63 (47.0) | 52 (56.5) | |
≥ 7 | 111 (49.1) | 71 (53.0) | 40 (43.5) | |
Number of dialysis per week | 0.939 | |||
< 3 | 25 (11.1) | 15 (11.2) | 10 (10.9) | |
≥ 3 | 201 (88.9) | 119 (88.8) | 82 (89.1) | |
Duration of renal failure | 0.425 | |||
< 5 | 124 (54.9) | 73 (54.5) | 51 (55.4) | |
5-<10 | 72 (31.9) | 46 (34.3) | 26 (28.3) | |
≥ 10 | 30 (13.3) | 15 (11.2) | 15 (16.3) | |
Years of hemodialysis | 0.209 | |||
< 4 | 146 (64.6) | 91 (67.9) | 55 (59.8) | |
≥ 4 | 80 (35.4) | 43 (32.1) | 37 (40.2) | |
Hours of hemodialysis | 0.429 | |||
< 4 | 158 (69.9) | 91 (67.9) | 67 (72.8) | |
≥ 4 | 68 (30.1) | 43 (32.1) | 25 (27.2) | |
Number of comorbid diseases | 0.045 | |||
≤ 2 | 32 (14.2) | 14 (10.4) | 18 (19.6) | |
3–4 | 97 (42.9) | 56 (41.8) | 41 (44.6) | |
5–6 | 75 (33.2) | 46 (34.3) | 29 (31.5) | |
> 6 | 22 (9.7) | 18 (13.4) | 4 (4.3) | |
Received darbepoetin alfa | < 0.001 | |||
No | 30 (13.3) | 6 (4.5) | 24 (26.1) | |
Yes | 196 (86.7) | 128 (95.5) | 68 (73.9) |