Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all hospitalized study participants stratified by AKI status
|  | Total n = 1901 (10%) | With AKI n = 383 (20%) | Without AKI n = 1518 (80%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean, ± SD) | 80.5 ± 6.6 | 82.2 ± 6.3 | 80.1 ± 6.6 |
 70–74 | 497 (26.1) | 61 (15.9) | 436 (28.7) |
 75–79 | 447 (23.5) | 78 (20.4) | 369 (24.3) |
 80–84 | 403 (21.2) | 103 (26.9) | 300 (19.8) |
 85–89 | 364 (19.2) | 95 (24.8) | 269 (17.7) |
 ≥ 90 | 190 (10.0) | 46 (12.0) | 144 (9.5) |
Female | 1004 (52.8) | 170 (44.4) | 834 (54.9) |
Number of medications | 4.9 ± 3.0 | 6.1 ± 3.1 | 4.6 ± 2.9 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â |
 never | 962 (50.6) | 169 (44.1) | 793 (52.2) |
 past | 836 (44.0) | 194 (50.7) | 642 (42.3) |
 current | 101 (5.3) | 20 (5.2) | 81 (5.3) |
Physical activity (> 30 min) |  |  |  |
 < 1x /week | 486 (25.6) | 124 (32.4) | 362 (23.8) |
 1-5x /week | 880 (46.3) | 157 (41.0) | 723 (47.6) |
 > 5x /week | 530 (27.9) | 100 (26.1) | 430 (28.3) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 145.4 ± 21.9 | 146.4 ± 22.4 | 145.2 ± 21.8 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.3 ± 13.1 | 80.1 ± 13.4 | 81.6 ± 13.0 |
BMI, kg/m² | 27.7 ± 4.2 | 28.4 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 4.2 |
BMI < 30, kg/m² | 1394 (73.3) | 257 (67.1) | 1137 (74.9) |
BMI ≥ 30, kg/m² | 506 (26.6) | 125 (32.6) | 381 (25.1) |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
Cystatin C, mg/l | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 |
Albumin, g/l | 39.9 ± 3.1 | 39.5 ± 3.1 | 40.0 ± 3.0 |
CRP, mg/l | 1.8 [0.9; 3.6] | 2.4 [1.2; 4.8] | 1.7 [0.9; 3.3] |
HbA1c, % | 6.1 [5.8; 6.4] | 6.2 [5.8; 6.5] | 6.0 [5.8; 6.4] |
Urea, mg/dl | 41.7 [34.5; 51.7] | 47.2 [38.8; 9.4] | 40.4 [33.9; 49.6] |
eGFRBIS2, ml/min/1.73 m² | 57.9 ± 15.1 | 50.5 ± 14.4 | 59.8 ± 14.6 |
eGFRBIS2 ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m² | 878 (46.2) | 95 (24.8) | 783 (51.6) |
eGFRBIS2 < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² | 1022 (53.8) | 288 (75.2) | 734 (48.4) |
UACR, mg/g | 11.1 [4.6; 30.6] | 17.6 [6.6; 71.6] | 9.6 [4.3; 27.0] |
UACR < 30 mg/g | 1398 (73.5) | 229 (59.8) | 1169 (77.0) |
UACR ≥ 30 mg/g | 487 (25.6) | 151 (39.4) | 336 (22.1) |
Diabetes mellitus | 500 (26.3) | 138 (36.0) | 362 (23.8) |
Arterial hypertension | 1520 (80.0) | 342 (89.3) | 1178 (77.6) |
Congestive heart failure | 501 (26.4) | 136 (35.5) | 365 (24.0) |
Atrial fibrillation | 286 (15.4) | 85 (22.2) | 201 (13.2) |
Peripheral artery disease | 119 (6.3) | 39 (10.2) | 80 (5.3) |
Stroke | 209 (11.0) | 55 (14.4) | 154 (10.1) |
Myocardial infarction | 287 (15.1) | 92 (24.0) | 195 (12.8) |
Anemiaa, n (%) | 331 (17.4) | 94 (24.5) | 237 (15.6) |
Cancer | 524 (27.6) | 112 (29.2) | 412 (27.1) |