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Table 2 Characteristics of individuals included in nested case-control study (n = 726) at study visit preceding the hospitalization

From: Incidence of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and trajectories of glomerular filtration rate in older adults

 

Total

(n = 726)

With AKI

(n = 363)

Without AKI

(n = 363)

Age, years*

85.1 ± 6.5

85.2 ± 6.5

85.1 ± 6.4

 70–74

53 (7.3)

24 (6.6)

29 (8.0)

 75–79

115 (15.8)

60 (16.5)

55 (15.2)

 80–84

185 (25.5)

91 (25.1)

94 (25.9)

 85–89

188 (25.9)

96 (26.4)

92 (25.3)

 ≥ 90

185 (25.5)

92 (25.3)

93 (25.6)

Female*

322 (44.4)

161 (44.4)

161 (44.4)

Time between study visita and hospitalization (months)*

3.0 [1.4; 4.8]

3.4 [1.6; 5.4]

2.6 [1.2; 4.2]

Length of hospitalization (days)

9 [5; 21]

14 [7; 27]

6 [3; 13]

Number of prior hospitalizations

3 [1; 6]

4 [2; 8]

3 [1; 5]

Number of medications

6.0 ± 3.3

6.7 ± 3.2

5.2 ± 3.1

Smoking

   

 never

338 (46.6)

158 (43.5)

180 (49.6)

 past

348 (47.9)

182 (50.1)

166 (45.7)

 current

36 (5.0)

22 (6.1)

14 (3.9)

Physical activity (> 30 min)

   

 < 1x /week

349 (48.1)

195 (53.7)

154 (42.4)

 1-5x /week

259 (35.7)

117 (32.2)

142 (39.1)

 > 5x /week

113 (15.6)

49 (13.5)

64 (17.6)

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

141.4 ± 22.7

141.2 ± 23.3

141.5 ± 22.2

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

78.5 ± 13.4

77.8 ± 13.9

79.3 ± 12.9

BMI, kg/m²

27.2 ± 4.6

27.7 ± 4.8

26.6 ± 4.3

BMI < 30, kg/m²

538 (74.1)

252 (69.4)

286 (78.8)

BMI ≥ 30, kg/m²

171 (23.6)

101 (27.8)

70 (19.3)

Creatinine, mg/dl

1.2 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.5

1.0 ± (0.3

Cystatin C, mg/l

1.4 ± 0.5

1.6 ± 0.6

1.3 ± 0.4

Albumin, g/l

39.2 ± 3.6

39.0 ± 3.4

39.4 ± 3.8

CRP, mg/l

2.1 [1.0; 4.4]

2.5 [1.2; 5.6]

1.8 [0.9; 3.6]

HbA1c, %

6.0 [5.7; 6.4]

6.0 [5.7; 6.5]

6.0 [5.7; 6.3]

Urea, mg/dl

46.4 [36.6; 59.7]

52.4 [39.8; 66.0]

43.0 [35.0; 52.9]

eGFRBIS2, ml/min/1.73 m²

48.1 ± 14.7

43.0 ± 14.0

53.2 ± 13.7

eGFRBIS2 ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

148 (20.4)

42 (11.6)

106 (29.2)

eGFRBIS2 < 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

558 (76.9)

310 (85.4)

248 (68.3)

UACR, mg/g

20.0 [6.8; 55.0]

26.9 [9.0; 87.1]

13.8 [5.4; 39.0]

UACR < 30 mg/g

425 (58.5)

184 (50.7)

241 (66.4)

UACR ≥ 30 mg/g

266 (36.6)

158 (43.5)

108 (29.8)

Diabetes mellitus

206 (28.4)

131 (36.1)

75 (20.7)

Arterial hypertension

621 (85.5)

327 (90.1)

293 (80.7)

Congestive heart failure

247 (34.0)

157 (43.3)

90 (24.8)

Atrial fibrillation

243 (33.5)

140 (38.6)

103 (28.4)

Peripheral artery disease

64 (8.8)

44 (12.1)

20 (5.5)

Stroke

138 (19.0)

76 (20.9)

62 (17.1)

Myocardial infarction

199 (27.4)

118 (32.5)

81 (22.3)

Anemiab, n (%)

211 (29.1)

117 (32.2)

94 (25.9)

Cancer

197 (27.1)

107 (29.5)

90 (24.8)

  1. Legend: Matched-pair analysis was performed to identify cases (with AKI) and controls (without AKI) using the criteria marked with *: age at the study visit preceding hospitalization, sex, months between study visit preceding hospitalization and day of admission)
  2. Values for continuous variables given as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]; for categorical variables, as number (percentage). aMedian study visit of data assessment was 1st follow-up visit (interquartile range: 0 (baseline) to 2nd follow up visit) for total, AKI and non-AKI group, respectively. bAnemia: haemoglobin in men < 13 g/dl and in women < 12 mg/dl. Missing values for anthropometric or laboratory values do not exceed 5%
  3. Abbreviations: BIS, Berlin Initiative Study; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate by creatinine- and cystatin C–based BIS2 equation; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin type A1C.
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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