Fig. 1

Patient’s family history. The patient’s mother (I2) died at 60 years of age, and her father (I1) died at 40 years of age, both for unknown reasons. The patient’s brother (II2) died suddenly at 60 years of age. Two other brothers of the patient required kidney transplants at 45 (II9) and 50 years of age (II11). One brother (II11) also required a cardiac pacemaker at 66 years of age. The patient’s sisters (II3 and II5) had minor microscopic hematuria. Two nephews of the patient (III4 and III6) died at 30 and 20 years of age, respectively, for unknown reasons. The patient’s niece (III14) had proteinuria, while the patient’s son (III20) had a 10-year history of proteinuria, bilateral finger angiokeratomas, and bilateral palm anhidrosis. He was diagnosed as having FD at 37 years of age. The fourth-generation offspring was a 3-year-old girl without any obvious symptoms at present and a 16 w + fetus with unknown sex