Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
Author/ year | Country | Study type | Population (M/F) | Age (year) | HHcy (umol/L) | adOR (95%CI) | Adjustments | Quality evaluation NOS or AHRQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ninomiya 2004 [24] | Japan | Cohort study | 1477 (596/881) | ≥ 40 | M > 10.6 F > 8.3 | 2.52 (1.21, 5.25) | Age, systolic blood pressure, habitual smoker, etc. | high |
Shankar 2008 [23] | Australia | Cross sectional sutdy | 2609 (1080/1529) | ≥ 49 | ≥ 15 | 1.41 (1.06,1.88) | age, sex, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, etc. | high |
Chuang 2013 [22] | China | Cross sectional study | 19,372 (14,874/4498) | ≥ 18 | ≥ 11.82 | 1.56 (1.13,2.15) | age, smoking, fasting glucose level,arterial pressure, etc. | high |
Chao 2014 [21] | China | Cross sectional study | 1581 (894/687) | ≥ 18 | ≥ 12.24 | 6.73 (3.15,14.41) | Age, gender, alcohol diabetes smoking,, consumption, etc. | high |
Levi 2014 [20] | Israel | Cross sectional study | 3602 (2692/910) | ≥ 20 | ≥ 15 | 3.2 (1.3, 7.6) | age, eGFR, mean BMI, mean HDL cholesterol, log-mean FA,, etc. | high |
Chen 2015 [19] | China | Cross sectional study | 999 (737/262) | ≥ 18 | ≥ 10.1 | 4.85 (1.06,22.31) | Age,smoking, leptin, eGFR, arterial pressure, etc., | high |
Xie 2015 [18] | China | Cohort study | 2387 (578/1809) | ≥ 45 | > 15 | 2.44 (1.26,4.72) | age, gender, SBP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, etc. | fair |
Kong 2017 [17] | China | Cohort study | 5917 (4410/1507) | ≥ 40 | ≥ 15 | 1.6 (0.91,7.78) | age, sex, diabetes, BMI, uric acid, smoking, etc. | fair |
Lai 2018 [16] | China | Cross sectional study | 24,826 (19,076/5750) | ≥ 18 | > 11.81 | 2.12 (1.75,2.57) | gender, age, smoking, diabetes hypertension,etc. | high |
Moon 2020 [15] | South Korea | Cross sectional study | 15,220 (9059/6161) | ≥ 19 | ≥ 15 | 1.98 (1.71,2.3) | smoking, drinking, physical activity, albumin level, etc. | high |
Xiao 2021 [6] | China | Cohort study | 1426 (607/819) | > 18 | > 15 | 4.29 (1.42,12.99) | age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, BMI, etc. | high |