Table 1 Baseline Characteristic Differences between Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Communities Categorized by %Hispanic Ethnic Density (HED), US DOPPS 2010–2015, N = 4226

Individual Clinical/Socio-demographic Variables

Age, years (m±SD)

64.4±14.9

63.4±15.0

61.4±15.1

< 0.001

Gender

Female

635 (43.8)

598 (45.6)

642 (43.5)

0.5

Race/Ethnicity

Asian

Hispanic

Non-Hispanic Black

Non-Hispanic White

4 (0.3)

8 (0.6)

310 (21.4)

1127 (77.8)

129 (9.4)

78 (5.7)

434 (31.7)

728 (53.2)

47 (3.3)

342 (24.3)

490 (34.8)

529 (37.6)

< 0.001

Diabetes

866 (59.7)

782 (59.6)

851 (57.7)

0.5

Heart failure

579 (40.5)

442 (34.9)

605 (43.5)

< 0.001

Hypertension, n = 4090

1266 (88.6)

1088 (85.6)

1156 (83.2)

< 0.001

Psychiatric Disease, n = 4092

357 (24.6)

252 (19.2)

221 (15.0)

< 0.001

Coronary Disease, n = 4092

619 (43.2)

507 (39.9)

501 (36.2)

< 0.001

BMI category, n = 3991

< 23 kg/m²

23–32 kg/m²

>=32 kg/m²

250 (18.3)

661 (48.3)

456 (33.4)

308 (24.9)

583 (47.1)

346 (28.0)

334 (24.1)

711 (51.3)

342 (24.7)

< 0.001

Charlson Score, n = 3711

< 4

4–6

> 6

234 (18.0)

520 (40.1)

544 (41.9)

213 (18.7)

513 (44.9)

416 (36.4)

251 (19.8)

581 (45.7)

439 (34.5)

0.002

Dialysis Vintage (years)

Median (IQR range)]

2.9 (1.3–5.2)

2.9 (1.4–5.3)

3.2 (1.4–5.6)

0.03

Dialysis access, n = 4062

AVF

AVG

Catheter

Other

894 (64.5)

228 (27.8)

257 (18.6)

6 (0.4)

723 (58.0)

281 (22.5)

227 (18.2)

15 (1.2)

848 (59.3)

311 (21.7)

272 (19.0)

0

< 0.001

Insurance, n = 4176

Medicare

Medicaid

Private

VA

No Insurance

1156 (81.4)

44 (3.1)

190 (13.4)

28 (2.0)

2 (0.1)

1027 (78.9)

57 (4.4)

187 (14.4)

27 (2.1)

3 (0.2)

1053 (72.4)

104 (7.2)

271 (18.6)

14 (1.0)

13 (0.9)

< 0.001

Substance use in past 12 months, n = 4081

33 (2.3)

23 (1.8)

15 (1.1)

0.04

Dialysis Related Variables

Shortened dialysis within the last 160 days, (n = 3664)

0

1

> 1

1244 (85.7)

198 (13.6)

9 (0.6)

1102 (84.1)

193 (14.7)

12 (1.2)

1317 (89.4)

153 (10.4)

4 (0.3)

< 0.001

Missed dialysis within the last 160 days, (n = 3658)

0

1

> 1

1241 (85.5)

208 (14.3)

2 (0.1)

1100 (83.9)

198 (15.1)

13 (1.0)

1316 (89.2)

154 (10.4)

4 (0.3)

< 0.001

Facility profit status, n = 3437

For-profit

1126 (77.6)

954 (72.8)

1247 (84.5)

< 0.001

Dialysis duration (minutes/week),

(m±SD), n = 3977

656.1±96.3

649±101.6

642.7±94.9

< 0.001

URR, m±SD, n = 3897

73.5 (7.4)

73.9 (7.7)

73.5 (7.2)

0.3

Weight loss as a percent of the dry weight in the second treatment of the previous month, [Median (IQR range)], n = 4018

3.0 (1.9-4.0)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

3.1 (2.1–4.2)

0.01

Number of patients in Facility,

[Median (IQR range)], n = 4226

54 (31–66)

65 (47–98)

110 (69–180)

< 0.001

Community Variables (m±SD)

Mean number of family members per household

2.95± 0.20

3.10± 0.26

3.35± 0.21

< 0.001

% household incomes under the poverty line

12.8± 9.0

11.9± 5.5

15.9± 6.1

< 0.001

% of households with Spanish as their primary language

0.83± 1.0

4.1± 3.0

27.8± 16.5

< 0.001

% of households with at least one member with a Bachelors degree or higher

26.7± 13.1

31.9± 18.0

27.2± 11.7

< 0.001

% of households with an active internet subscription

74.5± 10.3

76.9± 8.7

78.0± 7.3

< 0.001

% of households who immigrated after 2010

2.5± 3.8

6.2± 6.1

13.4± 9.5

< 0.001

% of household born in Latin America

0.6± 0.5

2.4± 1.6

14.2± 7.2

< 0.001

% of households led by a single female

12.6± 5.7

12.0± 4.4

15.8± 5.1

< 0.001

% of households that are Black

12.8± 23.0

13.7± 16.0

15.4± 14.8

< 0.001

% of households that are White

80.6± 23.3

65.0± 23.9

44.7± 21.9

< 0.001

% Rurality

32.9± 27.1

22.8± 26.5

9.8± 21.1

< 0.001