Fig. 3

Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on the rate of eGFR decline in EMPA-KIDNEY, by key subgroups (adapted from [3]). Mean annual rate of change in eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²/year) from baseline to final follow-up visit (total slope) and from two months to final follow-up visit (chronic slope). The long-term (i.e. chronic slope) is emphasised as other data has demonstrated that the acute negative eGFR dip on initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors reverses on cessation, which is not accounted for in total slope analyses. This is particularly relevant when studying people whose kidney disease progresses slowly over short periods of time (e.g. 2 years), during which time progression is likely to be less than the acute negative eGFR dip (as was the case in the uACR < 30 mg/g group). Figure licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 International license