Table 4 Results of univariate analysis of medication literacy determinants for patients undergoing hemodialysis (N = 290)

Sex

χ 2 = 9.279^c

0.01

Male

25

87

57

Female

31

66

24

Age

Fisher = 38.121^c

<0.001

<65

29

128

77

≥ 65

27

25

4

Education level

H = 54.893^b

<0.001

Primary school or lower

17

79

42

Junior high school

2

8

10

Senior high school

26

58

28

University or higher

11

8

1

Monthly income

H = 15.902^b

<0.001

<3000

30

60

19

3000 ~ 8000

19

72

38

>8000

7

21

24

Primary illness

Fisher = 8.582^c

0.195

Hypertension

21

65

32

Diabetes

11

25

8

Others

22

44

30

Unknown

2

19

11

Take medication with the help of a caregiver

χ 2 = 31.013^c

<0.001

Yes

25

19

10

No

31

134

71

Dialysis vintage (yrs)

H = 2.633^b

0.268

<1

4

20

12

1–5

22

66

36

>5

30

67

33

No. of medications

χ 2 = 1.745^c

0.418

< 5

29

91

51

≥ 5

27

62

30

Comorbidity

χ 2 = 2.853^c

0.240

< 5

37

112

64

≥ 5

19

41

17

Frailty

H = 16.536^b

<0.001

non-frail

13

44

29

Pre-frail

20

92

43

frail

23

17

9

Body mass index (BMI),m/kg²

22.45 ± 4.58

22.67 ± 3.21

22.85 ± 3.12

 F = 1.035^d

0.482

Laboratory findings

Red blood cell count(RBC), ×10¹²/L

3.78 ± 0.73

3.59 ± 0.67

3.58 ± 0.60

 F = 1.085^d

0.317

Hemoglobin(HGB),g/L

109.05 ± 17.02

106.37 ± 17.23

107.78 ± 15.36

 F = 1.203^d

0.161

Ferritin(FER), ng/mL

158.95 (67.09, 372.40)^a

262.10 (114.50, 445.55)^a

216.70 (106.45, 335.30)^a

H = 230.583^b

0.477

Albumin(ALB), g/L

41.70 (39.37, 44.08)^a

43.00 (40.55, 45.65)^a

44.20 (41.40, 45.70)^a

H = 33.217^b

0.156

Pre-dialysis creatinine (pre-CRE), µmol/L

853.43 ± 298.93

945.86 ± 231.35

1049.57 ± 252.12

 F = 0.781^d

0.867

β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) mg/L

50.20 (35.85,61.43)^a

40.60 (33.96,48.30)^a

37.90 (30.78, 46.50)^a

H = 90.519^b

0.024

Serum calcium (s-Ca), mmol/L

2.22 ± 0.23

2.25 ± 0.22

2.28 ± 0.27

 F = 0.997^d

0.496

Serum inorganic phosphorus(s-IP), mmol/L

1.81 (1.38, 2.26)^a

1.95(1.65, 2.25)^a

2.06 (1.83, 2.32)^a

H = 11.357^b

0.023

Parathyroid hormone(PTH), pmol/L

42.29 (22.31, 63.49)^a

46.21 (29.23, 64.32)^a

48.53 (30.57, 65.74)^a

H = 107.824^b

0.541

Serum potassium(s-K),mmol/L

4.81 (4.36, 5.25)^a

4.69 (4.38, 5.15)^a

4.71 (4.30, 5.360)^a

H = 2.610^b

2.610