Table 1 Baseline characteristics at first Kidney Supportive Care Clinic visit
Variable | Conservative N = 216 | On dialysis N = 123 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (median, IQR, years) | 83 (78–87) | 73 (64–80) | < 0.001* |
Male sex (n, %) | 128 (59.3%) | 76 (61.8%) | 0.65 |
Dialysis modality (n, %) | N/A | N/A | |
Haemodialysis | 105 (85.4%) | ||
Peritoneal dialysis | 18 (14.6%) | ||
Region of birth | 0.42 | ||
Australia/New Zealand | 86 (41.0%) | 59 (48.0%) | |
Asia | 31 (14.8%) | 10 (8.1%) | |
South Asia | 8 (3.8%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
South America | 2 (1.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
North America | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
Middle East | 17 (8.1%) | 13 (10.6%) | |
Western Europe | 18 (8.6%) | 8 (6.5%) | |
Eastern Europe | 39 (18.6%) | 21 (17.1%) | |
Pacific Islands | 6 (2.9%) | 5 (4.1%) | |
Africa and Mauritius | 2 (1.0%) | 4 (3.3%) | |
Highest Level of Education | 0.37 | ||
No formal | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | |
Primary | 11 (18.6%) | 11 (11.8%) | |
Some High School | 12 (20.3%) | 12 (12.9%) | |
Completed High School | 12 (20.3%) | 28 (30.1%) | |
Diploma/TAFE | 10 (16.9%) | 24 (25.8%) | |
Completed university | 12 (20.3%) | 16 (17.2%) | |
Primary diagnosis | < 0.001* | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 51 (23.6%) | 46 (37.4%) | |
Ischemic nephrosclerosis | 62 (28.7%) | 15 (12.2%) | |
Glomerulonephritides | 13 (6.0%) | 25 (20.3%) | |
PCKD | 4 (1.9%) | 5 (4.1%) | |
Malignancy (including Haematological) | 6 (2.8%) | 3 (2.4%) | |
Interstitial nephritis | 1 (0.5%) | 4 (3.3%) | |
Toxins | 2 (0.9%) | 6 (4.9%) | |
Reflux | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Obstructive | 7 (3.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
Other | 5 (2.3%) | 3 (2.4%) | |
Unknown | 63 (29.2%) | 14 (11.4%) | |
Ethnicity | 0.009* | ||
Caucasian | 148 (68.5%) | 92 (77.3%) | |
Asian | 38 (17.6%) | 9 (7.6%) | |
Arabic | 10 (4.6%) | 9 (7.6%) | |
Pacific Islander | 2 (0.9%) | 6 (5.0%) | |
ATSI | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Other | 2 (0.9%) | 3 (2.5%) | |
GFR (median, IQR, mL/min/1.73m 2 ) | 14 (10–18) | N/A | N/A |
Urea (median, IQR, mmol/L) | 24 (18–32) | N/A | N/A |
Creatinine (median, IQR, umol/L) | 310 (242–424) | N/A | N/A |
Haemoglobin (mean ± SD, g/L) | 107 ± 15 | 109 ± 14 | 0.95 |
Potassium (mean ± SD, mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.47 | 0.90 |
Corrected calcium (mean ± SD, mmol/L) | 2.33 ± 0.19 | 2.41 ± 0.17 | 0.53 |
Phosphate (mean ± SD, mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.46 | 1.53 ± 0.47 | 0.21 |
Albumin (mean ± SD, g/L) | 34 ± 6 | 31 ± 6 | 0.53 |
PTH (median, IQR, pmol/L) | 16 (9–26) | 16 (11–34) | 0.52 |
Karnofsky scale (mean ± SD) | 65 ± 15 | 71 ± 14 | 0.28 |
BMI (mean + SD, kg/m 2 ) | 27 ± 6 | 27 ± 8 | 0.42 |
Time on dialysis (median, IQR, months) | N/A | 19 (3–52) | N/A |
Charlson comorbidity score (median, IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–6) | 0.051 |
Comorbidities | |||
Myocardial infarct | 9 (4.2%) | 3 (2.4%) | 0.41 |
Congestive cardiac failure | 65 (30.1%) | 17 (13.8%) | 0.001* |
Peripheral vascular disease | 25 (11.6%) | 15 (12.2%) | 0.87 |
Previous CVA | 26 (12.0%) | 6 (4.9%) | 0.03* |
Dementia | 14 (6.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.004* |
COPD | 37 (17.1%) | 18 (14.6%) | 0.55 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 5 (2.3%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.67 |
Diabetes mellitus | 122 (56.5%) | 69 (56.1%) | 0.95 |
Leukaemia | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.57 |
Malignant lymphoma | 8 (3.7%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.28 |
Solid tumour (non-metastatic) | 33 (15.3%) | 14 (11.4%) | 0.32 |
Metastatic solid tumour | 15 (6.9%) | 6 (4.9%) | 0.45 |
Mild liver disease | 5 (2.3%) | 2 (1.6%) | 0.67 |
Moderate to severe liver disease | 4 (1.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.13 |
Smoked within the last 5 years | 187 (86.6%) | 89 (55.2%) | 0.001* |