Table 2 Characteristics of the case-control studies included in the meta-analysis
From: Genes polymorphism as risk factor of recurrent urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author | Year | City/ Country | Region | Gene (SNP) | Grouping (M/F/ Total) | Mean Age ± Standard Deviation (years) | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mossetti G | 2003 | Naples,Italy | Europe | Vitamin D Receptor | Cases (128/92/ 220) | 41.09 ± 14 | Recurrent stone forming patients with two or more calcium stones in the past 4 years | Urinary tract infections (UTI), hyperparathyroidism, cystinuria, gouty diathesis, renal tubular acidosis, low creatinine clearance, chronic diarrhoeal states, intake of thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitors, glucocorticoids or oestrogens |
Controls (63/51/ 114) | 40.37 ± 14.07 | Unrelated healthy subjects without history of nephrolithiasis | presence of one or more metabolic risk factor for nephrolithiasis | |||||
Rendina D | 2004 | Naples,Italy | Vitamin D Receptor | Cases (94/65/ 159) | 43.2 ± 10.9 | Unrelated patients with recurrent stone formation with 2 or more calcium stones within previous 4 years and idiopathic hypercalciuria. | Gouty diathesis; cystinuria; renal tubular acidosis; low creatinine clearance; debilitating physical illnesses; hyperthyroidism; primary hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s bone disease, urinary infections, use of corticosteroid, diuretics, NSAID, vitamin D, or lithium. | |
Controls (72/52 /124) | 41.9 ± 10.4 | Unrelated healthy subjects without history of nephrolithiasis. | presence of idiopathic hypercalciuria with a nonrestricted diet. | |||||
Esposito T | 2017 | Naples, Italy | Melatonin Receptor 1 A | Cases (136/110/236) | 40.2 ± 12.0 | Idiopathic recurrent calcium stone former with at least 2 or more history of calcium oxalate stone | Exclusion criteria is the same with (Mosseti G, 2003) | |
Controls (141/128/269) | 40.3 ± 11.8 | Healthy without history of nephrolithiasis | ||||||
Shakhssalim N | 2010 | Tehran/Iran | Middle East | Calcium-Sensing Receptor | Cases (99/-/99) | 43.4 ± 6.9 | Idiopathic recurrent calcium kidney stone-forming men with 2 symptomatic episodes at least 6 months apart during the past 5 years | history of metabolic, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, or endocrinological disease |
Control (99/-/107) | 38.4 ± 6.9 | Healthy volunteer men in the same age range | ||||||
Aykan S | 2015 | Istanbul/ Turkey | Urokinase & Vitamin D Receptor | Cases (50/28/ 78) | 41 | Recurrent urolithiasis | Patients taking vitamin D and/or calcium supplement. | |
Controls (87/80/ 167) | 45 | Healthy subjects with normal urinalysis and absence of stone in ultrasound study | Another exclusion criteria for control group were patients with family history of urolithiasis. | |||||
Yamate T | 2000 | Osaka/ Japan | Osteopontin | Cases (32/8/ 40) | 50.4 | Recurrent calcium-containg calculi at least 2 or more episodes | ||
Controls (20/16/ 36) | 54.3 | Normal subjects without past history of urolithiasis | ||||||
Chen WC | 2001 | Taichung/ Taiwan | Eastern Asia | Calcitonin Receptor | Cases (72/30/ 102) | 44.6 ± 12.05 | Recurrent calcium oxalate stone | hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperuricosuria, and urinary tract infections. |
Controls (60/45/ 105) | 53 ± 10.08 | Healthy volunteers with no history of stone disease or renal calcification | Urinary microscopic hematuria | |||||
Chen WC | 2001 | Taichung/ Taiwan | Interleukin-1Ra | Cases (117/35/152) | 44.62 ± 12.05 | Recurrent calcium oxalate stone | Urinary tract infection during period of stone treatment | |
Controls (-/-/105) | > 40 | Healthy volunteers who had no history of familial stone disease or renal calcification | Urinary microscopic hematuria | |||||
Tsai FJ | 2002 | Taichung/ Taiwan | Urokinase | Cases (118/35/153) | 44.2 ± 12.0 | Recurrent calcium oxalate stone of at least 2 episodes regardless of family history of stone disease | Symptoms of urinary tract infection | |
Controls (65/40/ 105) | 54.7 | Healthy volunteers who had no history of familial stone disease or cancer | Urinary microscopic hematuria | |||||
Huang SH | 2005 | Taichung, Taiwan | TAP2-2 | Cases (158/50/208) | 43.8 ± 11.7 | Recurrent idiopathic calcium oxalate stone disease regardless of family history | Patients with hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria, and symptoms of urinary tract infections | |
Controls (147/63/210) | 53.2 ± 9.9 | Healthy volunteer over the age of 40 who had no familial history of stone disease | Patients with microscopic hematuria | |||||
Lai KC | 2009 | Taichung/ Taiwan | Interleukin-18 | Cases (182/90/272) | 43.8 ± 11.7 | Recurrent idiopathic calcium stone oxalate stone disease regardless of family history | Hypercalcemia, hyperuricaemia, or hyperurocosuria, and urinary tract infection | |
Controls (73/31/ 104) | 53.2 ± 9.9 | Age- and gender- matched healthy volunteers with no familial history of stone disease | Patients with microscopic hematuria | |||||
Chou YH | 2011 | Kaohsiung/ Taiwan | ORAI 1 | Cases (34/20/ 54) | 53.87 ± 9.83 | At least two symptomatic episodes at least 6 months apart or new stones after treatment | Patients with noncalcium renal stone | |
Controls (289/211/500) | 49.5 ± 15.5 | Normal urinalysis, no history of familial stone disease, and no renal calcification history |