Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to catheter dysfunction
|  | No dysfunction (n = 388) | Dysfunction (n = 119) | Interventions in response to dysfunction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Switch of lumen (n = 82) | Catheter reposition (n = 6) | Re-catheterization (n = 31) | |||
Age, yr, median [IQR] | 66.0 [57.0–74.0] | 69.0 [61.5–77.0] | 69.0 [62.3–77.0] | 72.5 [41.0–74.8] | 68.0 [62.0–77.0] |
Sex (F/M) | 141/247 | 48/71 | 32/50 | 2/4 | 14/17 |
Weight, kg, mean ± SD | 63.4 ± 14.1 | 62.6 ± 12.5 | 63.5 ± 12.5 | 59.4 ± 11.4 | 60.8 ± 12.8 |
Height, cm, mean ± SD | 163.0 ± 8.8 | 162.1 ± 8.7 | 162.5 ± 8.6 | 160.6 ± 10.9 | 161.5 ± 8.9 |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 23.8 ± 4.5 | 23.8 ± 4.1 | 24.0 ± 4.0 | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 23.4 ± 4.6 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
 Hypertension | 219 (56%) | 71 (60%) | 48 (59%) | 6 (100%) | 17 (55%) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 166 (43%) | 52 (44%) | 37 (45%) | 4 (67%) | 11 (35%) |
 Dyslipidemia | 140 (36%) | 45 (38%) | 33 (40%) | 2 (33%) | 10 (32%) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 50 (13%) | 13 (11%) | 8 (9.8%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (16%) |
 Myocardial infarction | 71 (18%) | 16 (13%) | 14 (17%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (3.2%) |
 Stroke | 31 (8.0%) | 12 (10%) | 12 (15%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 117 (30%) | 39 (33%) | 28 (34%) | 1 (17%) | 10 (32%) |
 Intermittent hemodialysis | 65 (17%) | 24 (20%) | 19 (23%) | 1 (17%) | 4 (13%) |
 History of any thrombosis event | 41 (11%) | 8 (6.7%) | 6 (7.3%) | 1 (17%) | 1 (3.2%) |
APACHE II score, median [IQR] | 31.0 [25.0–37.0] | 33.0 [25.0–39.0] | 32.0 [25.0–38.3] | 33.0 [30.3–35.5] | 33.5 [25.5–39.0] |
Medications, n (%) | |||||
 Antiplatelet | 74 (19%) | 17 (14%) | 13 (16%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (13%) |
 Anticoagulant | 76 (20%) | 23 (19%) | 17 (21%) | 2 (33%) | 4 (13%) |
Vascular access, n (%) | |||||
 Catheterized vessel | |||||
  Right internal jugular vein | 185 (48%) | 45 (38%) | 37 (45%) | 4 (67%) | 4 (13%) |
  Left internal jugular vein | 54 (14%) | 19 (16%) | 11 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (26%) |
  Femoral vein | 149 (38%) | 55 (46%) | 34 (41%) | 2 (33%) | 19 (61%) |
 Catheter tip location | |||||
  Superior vena cava | 173 (45%) | 49 (41%) | 40 (49%) | 3 (50%) | 6 (19%) |
  Right atrium | 45 (12%) | 7 (5.9%) | 3 (3.7%) | 1 (17%) | 3 (10%) |
  Left innominate vein | 21 (5.4%) | 9 (7.6%) | 6 (7.3%) | 0 | 3 (10%) |
  Inferior vena cava | 9 (2.3%) | 2 (1.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | 0 | 0 |
  Iliac vein | 140 (36%) | 52 (44%) | 31 (38%) | 2 (33%) | 19 (61%) |
 Concurrent catheter in same access | 171 (44%) | 50 (42%) | 40 (82%) | 2 (33%) | 8 (26%) |
 Concurrent catheter tip | 152 (39%) | 45 (38%) | 32 (39%) | 2 (33%) | 11 (35%) |
CRRT variables | |||||
 Blood flow, L/min, mean ± SD | 117.3 ± 23.7 | 118.0 ± 21.3 | 116.0 ± 16.7 | 127.5 ± 40.2 | 121.5 ± 26.8 |
 Circuit anticoagulation, n (%) | 238 (61%) | 81 (68%) | 55 (67%) | 4 (67%) | 22 (71%) |
Causes of CRRT | |||||
 End stage renal disease | 72 (19%) | 25 (21%) | 18 (22%) | 1 (17%) | 6 (19%) |
 Sepsis | 117 (30%) | 44 (37%) | 26 (32%) | 3 (50%) | 15 (48%) |
 Nephrotoxic kidney injury | 32 (8.2%) | 9 (7.6%) | 5 (6.1%) | 0 | 4 (13%) |
 Ischemic kidney injury | 133 (34%) | 34 (29%) | 27 (33%) | 2 (33%) | 5 (16%) |
 Others | 34 (8.8%) | 7 (5.9%) | 6 (7.3%) | 0 | 1 (3.2%) |
Use of vasopressor, n (%) | 294 (76%) | 87 (73%) | 58 (71%) | 4 (67%) | 25 (81%) |
Platelet count, × 103/µL, mean ± SD | 97.7 ± 72.2 | 88.2 ± 57.7 | 87.6 ± 55.8 | 110.2 ± 72.8 | 85.7 ± 60.8 |
Prothrombin time, INR, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.6 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.7 |
aPTT, sec, mean ± SD | 52.9 ± 29.8 | 53.3 ± 41.7 | 55.5 ± 48.7 | 48.2 ± 24.6 | 48.6 ± 18.6 |
hs-CRP level, mg/dL, mean ± SD | 12.3 ± 9.8 | 12.0 ± 9.3 | 11.6 ± 9.2 | 11.9 ± 7.7 | 13.0 ± 9.7 |