Table 4 Association between diabetes mellitus (DM), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) with retinal changes and cardiac biomarkers
Association | Median (IQR) | Z-score | p-value | Median (IQR) | Z-score | p-value | Median (IQR) | Z-score | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DM (n = 54) | Non-DM (n = 30) | IHD (n = 20) | Non-IHD (n = 64) | DR (n = 18) | No DR (n = 66) | |||||||
Tortuosity | 1.0255 (1.0210–1.0332) | 1.0248 (1.0210–1.0248) | -0.924 | 0.355 | 1.025 (1.020–1.031) | 1.025 (1.021–1.030) | -0.536 | 0.592 | 1.026 (1.022–1.031) | 1.025 (1.021–1.030) | -0.914 | 0.361 |
CRVE (µm) | 169.817 (138.927–227.931) | 142.377 (113.003–166.829) | -2.334 | 0.020 | 155.406 (102.856–208.733) | 160.778 (129.278–214.447) | -0.751 | 0.453 | 162.035 (128.500–205.348) | 159.776 (128.133–205.350) | -1.444 | 0.149 |
CRAE (µm) | 151.662 (142.594–165.770) | 143.650 (123.011–171.060) | -1.718 | 0.086 | 157.483 (145.433–184.410) | 149.798 (135.367–164.589) | -1.801 | 0.072 | 155.627 (144.184–166.737) | 150.222 (132.236–168.525) | -1.433 | 0.152 |
Macula volume (mm3) | 9.6 (9.2–10.0) | 9.8 (9.3–10.3) | -1.562 | 0.118 | 9.5 (9.1–10.0) | 9.6 (9.3–10.2) | -2.078 | 0.038 | 9.6 (9.1–10.1) | 9.6 (9.2–10.1) | -0.484 | 0.628 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 4.9 (0.7–11.7) | 1.7 (0.5–8.7) | -1.684 | 0.092 | 5.2 (1.9–10.9) | 3.0 (0.5–11.5) | -1.040 | 0.298 | 9.9 (0.9–21.2) | 3.5 (0.6–9.4) | -1.662 | 0.097 |
ADMA (ng/ml) | 592.275 (418.911–713.337) | 544.244 (364.049–687.206) | -0.28 | 0.779 | 513.783 (352.555–742.937) | 572.174 (428.518–694.855) | -0.730 | 0.465 | 628.132 (414.111–695.070) | 552.603 (410.382–710.177) | -0.184 | 0.854 |