From: Retinal changes and cardiac biomarker assessment in relation to chronic kidney disease: a single centre study
CKD stages
Stage 3 and 4 (p-value)
Stage 4 and 5 (p-value)
Stage 3 and 5 (p-value)
Tortuosity
0.128
0.013
0.184
CRVE
0.385
0.007
0.015
Hs-CRP
0.844
0.023
0.032