Table 1 The ASIR, ASDR, and trends of CKD due to hypertension from 1990 to 2019, by global and regions

Global

Both

15.97 (14.6, 17.4)

19.45 (17.85, 21.09)

17.89

5.1 (4.35, 5.92)

5.88 (4.95, 6.82)

13.29

0.69 (0.66, 0.71)*

0.49 (0.42, 0.56)*

Female

15.00 (13.74, 17.38)

17.84 (16.42, 19.30)

15.88

4.25 (3.58, 5.00)

4.98 (4.11, 5.87)

14.51

0.6 (0.59, 0.61)*

0.54 (0.46, 0.62)*

Male

17.26 (15.79, 18.83)

21.43 (19.67, 23.28)

19.46

6.45 (5.43, 7.59)

7.06 (6.06, 8.25)

9.90

0.75 (0.74, 0.76)*

0.36 (0.2, 0.51)*

SDI Regions

High SDI

22.08 (20.29, 24.01)

24.96 (23.02, 27.05)

11.56

3.37 (2.81, 3.92)

4.48 (3.63, 5.27)

24.94

0.42 (0.41, 0.44)*

0.99 (0.76, 1.21)*

High-middle SDI

13.65 (12.43, 14.94)

17.5 (15.97, 19.03)

21.96

3.73 (3.16, 4.37)

3.93 (3.27, 4.57)

5.06

0.86 (0.84, 0.88)*

0.17 (0.06, 0.28)*

Middle SDI

13.56 (12.3, 14.95)

18.85 (17.26, 20.52)

28.04

6.97 (5.91, 8.19)

7.58 (6.33, 8.79)

7.97

1.15 (1.13, 1.16)*

0.31 (0.21, 0.4)*

Low-middle SDI

11.69 (10.62, 12.85)

15.69 (14.28, 17.17)

25.47

6.49 (5.41, 7.84)

6.6 (5.46, 7.8)

1.64

1.01 (0.96, 1.06)*

0.06 (-0.09, 0.2)

Low SDI

9.73 (8.9, 10.62)

12.82 (11.64, 14.03)

24.14

9.25 (7.65, 11.22)

8.16 (6.85, 9.66)

-13.30

0.96 (0.93, 0.99)*

-0.42 (-0.52, -0.32)*

Geographical Regions

East Asia

12.19 (10.94, 13.56)

14.11 (12.82, 15.54)

13.63

4.41 (3.68, 5.21)

4.22 (3.45, 5.02)

-4.65

0.51 (0.48, 0.54)*

-0.14 (-0.27, -0.01)*

South Asia

11.64 (10.53, 12.8)

14.59 (13.18, 16.01)

20.24

5.85 (4.51, 7.43)

5.34 (4.23, 6.58)

-9.62

0.79 (0.74, 0.85)*

-0.35 (-0.98, 0.28)

Southeast Asia

11.51 (10.49, 12.65)

17.5 (15.98, 19.09)

34.20

10.61(9.04, 12.5)

11.07 (9.29, 13.06)

4.18

1.45 (1.4, 1.49)*

0.17 (0, 0.34)*

Central Asia

8.15 (7.26, 9.14)

13.38 (11.99, 14.99)

39.09

1.01 (0.76, 1.36)

1.69 (1.26, 2.27)

40.42

1.74 (1.67, 1.8)*

1.84 (1.49, 2.19)*

High-income Asia Pacific

23.25 (21.38, 25.29)

25.23 (23.13, 27.42)

7.85

4.19 (3.37, 5)

3.09 (2.33, 3.77)

-23.86

0.27 (0.26, 0.28)*

-1.05 (-1.24, -0.86)*

Oceania

9.28 (8.4, 10.36)

12.29 (11.05, 13.7)

24.49

6.94 (5.7, 8.46)

8.12 (6.42, 9.97)

14.46

0.97 (0.93, 1)*

0.51 (0.39, 0.63)*

Australasia

23.00 (21.35, 24.68)

26.23 (23.91, 28.56)

12.31

2.11 (1.69, 2.6)

2.96 (2.13, 3.94)

28.64

0.46 (0.4, 0.52)*

1.29 (0.9, 1.68)*

Eastern Europe

8.84 (7.99, 9.84)

12.66 (11.43, 14.07)

30.13

0.91 (0.75, 1.1)

1.17 (0.93, 1.42)

21.64

1.25 (1.18, 1.33)*

0.93 (0.43, 1.43)*

Western Europe

19.57 (17.83, 21.33)

21.73 (19.9, 23.55)

9.98

2.7 (2.16, 3.29)

3.44 (2.64, 4.24)

21.54

0.36 (0.35, 0.37)*

0.79 (0.5, 1.07)*

Central Europe

11.28 (10.16, 12.49)

17.8 (16.13, 19.58)

36.59

2.3 (1.92, 2.73)

2.44 (1.92, 3.07)

5.66

1.58 (1.56, 1.6)

0.19 (0, 0.39)

High-income North America

25.46 (23.25, 27.86)

27.26 (25, 29.56)

6.61

4.06 (3.39, 4.68)

6.6 (5.39, 7.69)

5.06

0.24 (0.21, 0.27)

1.71 (1.5, 1.91)

Andean Latin America

12.41 (11.24, 13.73)

23.54 (21.28, 25.83)

47.29

7.11 (5.8, 8.67)

10.6 (8.13, 13.49)

32.91

2.24 (2.2, 2.28)

1.43 (1.23, 1.63)

Central Latin America

21.15 (19.24, 23.43)

31.14 (28.98, 33.58)

32.08

6.98 (5.84, 8.22)

12.51 (9.94, 15.32)

44.21

1.34 (1.3, 1.38)

2.04 (1.84, 2.24)

Caribbean

12.33 (11.15, 13.66)

19.78 (18.06, 21.6)

37.69

4.76 (3.87, 5.73)

6.41 (5.08, 8.03)

25.69

1.66 (1.63, 1.69)

1.1 (0.88, 1.32)

Tropical Latin America

14.97 (13.57, 16.39)

20.09 (18.42, 22.03)

25.46

5.05 (4.2, 5.91)

5.32 (4.36, 6.35)

5.03

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

0.22 (-0.07, 0.5)

Southern Latin America

18.55 (16.59, 20.46)

24.97 (22.76, 27.2)

25.70

7.24 (5.99, 8.54)

9.43 (7.7, 11.22)

23.24

1.03 (0.99, 1.06)

0.97 (0.69, 1.24)

Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa

7.62 (6.94, 8.29)

9.69 (8.78, 10.62)

21.34

9.99 (8.05, 12.14)

8.84 (7.33, 10.5)

-13.01

0.83 (0.8, 0.86)

-0.44 (-0.56, -0.31)

Southern Sub-Saharan Africa

13.5 (12.22, 14.89)

18.54 (16.85, 20.33)

27.20

8.79 (7.3, 10.78)

12.5 (10.57, 14.7)

29.67

1.1 (1.05, 1.14)

1.23 (0.72, 1.75)

Western Sub-Saharan Africa

10.52 (9.65, 11.5)

14.11 (12.87, 15.43)

25.43

13.18 (10.93, 16.04)

11.86 (9.78, 13.93)

-11.14

1.01 (0.94, 1.08)

-0.36 (-0.46, -0.25)

North Africa and Middle East

21.13 (19.25, 23.14)

36.55 (33.59, 39.58)

42.19

11.94 (9.6, 15.89)

10.6 (8.53, 12.82)

-12.70

1.91 (1.88, 1.95)

-0.4 (-0.62, -0.18)

Central Sub-Saharan Africa

7.36 (6.68, 8.09)

9.97 (8.98, 11.02)

26.25

11.02 (8.93, 13.39)

9.59 (7.04, 12.34)

-14.90

1.06 (1.03, 1.09)

-0.48 (-0.58, -0.38)