Table 1 General characteristics of patients divided into normal and high RRI

Demographics

 Age at first consultation, y

Mean ± SD

66.5 ± 13.1

58.7 ± 12.7

70.7 ± 11.2

 < 0.001

 Sex (M/F), n(%)

150/42 (78.1/21.9)

54/11 (79.4/20.6)

96/28 (77.4/22.6)

0.75

 Smoking, n(%)

83 (43.2)

32 (47.1)

51(41.1)

0.33

 Obesity, n(%)

65 (33.9)

27 (39.7)

38 (30.6)

0.17

Cardiovascular risk factors

 Hypertension, n(%)

184 (95.8)

64 (94.1)

120 (96.8)

0.38

 Diabetes, n(%)

93 (48.4)

23 (33.8)

70 (56.5)

0.003

 Dyslipidemia, n(%)

152 (79.2)

48 (70.6)

104 (83.9)

0.03

 History of CAD, n(%)

56 (29.2)

13 (19.2)

43 (34.6)

0.02

 History of stroke, n(%)

14 (7.3)

3 (4.4)

11 (8.9)

0.26

 History of heart failure, n(%)

16 (8.3)

3 (4.4)

13 (10.5)

0.15

Cause of CKD, n(%)

 • Diabetic nephropathy

93 (48.4)

23 (33.8)

70 (56.5)

0.01

 • Cardiorenal syndrome

3 (1.6)

0

3 (2.4)

 • Glomerular disease

2 (1)

1 (1.5)

1 (0.8)

 • Undetermined or tubulointerstitial nephritis or nephrosclerosis

94 (49)

44 (64.7)

50 (40.3)

Laboratory parameters T1

 Serum creatinine T1, mg/dL

Median (IQR)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

1.3 (0.9–1.6)

1.8 (1.4–2.6)

 < 0.001

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 T1

40 (28–57.8)

59 (40.8–81.8)

35 (22.3–45)

 < 0.001

Stage of CKD T1, n(%)

 • Stage 1

16 (8.3)

13 (19.1)

3 (2.4)

 < 0.001

 • Stage 2

31 (16.1)

21 (30.9)

10 (8.1)

 • Stage 3a

33 (17.2)

14 (20.6)

19 (15.3)

 • Stage 3b

58 (30.2)

14 (20.6)

44 (35.5)

 • Stage 4

46 (24)

6 (8.8)

40 (32.3)

 • Stage 5

8 (4.2)

0

8 (6.5)

ACR T1, mg/g

Median (IQR)

194 (29–1000)

66 (12.5–263)

500 (47.5–1650)

 < 0.001

HbA1c T1 (if diabetes)

Median (IQR)

6.9 (6–7.9)

7.3 (6.4–9.6)

7.1 (6.5–8.2)

0.63

RRI, T1

Median (IQR)

0.73 (0.65–0.80)

0.6 (0.6-0.65)

0.8 (0.73-0.85)

 < 0.001