Fig. 4
From: Kidney shape statistical analysis: associations with disease and anthropometric factors
i) The first four modes of shape variation for the kidneys of the full cohort (N = 38,868). The mean shape and the shape at the ± three SD are displayed for each mode showing the S2S distance variation in mm. The kidney shape variations are shown in the anterior views for both left (L) and right (R) kidneys. ii) Hazard ratios and 95% CIs for the three outcomes: CKD, T2D, and hypertension for the left kidney. iii) Hazard ratios for the three disease outcomes for the right kidney adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, sodium in urine, urea, alcohol intake frequency, smoking status, ibuprofen medication uptake, kidney volume and the first 4 principal component scores for the S2S distances. Significant associations for p < 0.05 are shown in red and non-significant associations in grey