Table 1 The characteristic of included studies
First author [Ref.] | Year | Study design | Subjects (n) | Age (y) | Population | Intervention type | Duration | Physical activity measurement | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exercise training-based interventions | |||||||||
Masajtis-Zagajewska A et al. [19] | 2019 | Single-arm trial | 39 | 46.9 ± 11.8 | KTR (n = 24) and stage 3–4 CKD (n = 15) | Structured Physical Activity Program | 12 weeks | 3-axis SenseWear MF Armband accelerometer | Primary outcome |
Assawasaksakul, N et al. [17] | 2021 | RCT | I: 6 C: 6 | I:52.5 ± 12.9 C: 53.7 ± 17.2 | HD | Intradialytic cycling exercise VS. usual care | 24 weeks | Wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer | Primary outcome |
Martins do Valle F et al. [18] | 2020 | RCT | I: 12 C: 12 | I: 49.3 ± 12.4 C: 60.4 ± 10.6 | HD | Intradialytic resistance exercise VS. usual care | 12 weeks | Triaxial accelerometer | Primary outcome |
Young HML et al. [24] | 2020 | RCT | I: 24 C: 27 | I: 59 ± 13 C: 65 ± 11 | HD | Intradialytic cycling exercise VS. usual care | 24 weeks | SenseWear Armband Pro 3 | Secondary outcome |
Watanabe K et al. [23] | 2021 | RCT | I: 26 C: 27 | I: 66.19 ± 13.05 C: 64.00 ± 12.95 | PD | Intradialytic combination exercise VS. usual care | 24 weeks | Three-axis accelerometer | Secondary outcome |
Otobe Y et al. [30] | 2021 | RCT | I: 27 C: 26 | I: 78.4 ± 6.4 C: 78.1 ± 7.4 | Stage 3–4 CKD | Exercise training VS. usual care | 24 weeks | Kenz Lifecorder Ex 1 axial accelerometer | Secondary outcome |
Graham-Brown MPM et al. [26] | 2021 | RCT | I: 65 C: 65 | I: 55.5 ± 15.5 C: 58.9 ± 14.9 | HD | Intradialytic cycling exercise VS. usual care | 24 weeks | Triaxial accelerometers | Secondary outcome |
Hiraki K et al. [27] | 2017 | RCT | I: 14 C: 14 | I: 69.0 ± 6.8 C: 67.8 ± 6.9 | Stage 3–4 CKD | Home-based exercise program VS. usual care | 84 weeks | Pedometers | Secondary outcome |
Kontos P et al. [28] | 2020 | Quasi-experiment study | I: 10 C: 9 | I: 72.7 ± 7.9 C: 73.9 ± 5.4 | HD | Viewed Fit for Dialysis before participating in a 16-week exercise VS. usual care | 16 weeks | Pedometers | Primary outcome |
Bulckaen M et al. [25] | 2011 | Quasi-experiment study | 18 | N.P. | HD | Advised walking VS. supervised walking | 6 months | Pedometers | Primary outcome |
Daily step goal-oriented interventions | |||||||||
Sheshadri A et al. [22] | 2020 | RCT | I: 30 C: 30 | I: 56 [51–65] C: 60 [53–66] † | Dialysis | Pedometers with weekly step goals VS. usual care | 6 months | Pedometers | Primary outcome |
Nowicki M et al. [29] | 2010 | Single-arm trial | 33 | 58.3 ± 10.1 | HD | Pedometers with weekly step goals | 16 weeks | Pedometers | Primary outcome |
O’Brien T et al. [20] | 2020 | RCT | I: 72 C: 26 | I: 65.7 ± 4.9 C: 65.1 ± 4.0 | KTR | SystemCHANGETM (Change Habits by Applying New Goals and Experience) + Activity Tracker intervention VS. attention | 6 months | Number of daily steps recorded by Fitbit Charge 2 | Secondary outcome |
Malhotra R et al. (2023) [33] | 2023 | RCT | I: 28 C: 27 | I: 62 ± 13 C: 61 ± 14 | HD | Fitbit + feedback VS. Fitbit | 12 weeks | Activity tracker | Primary outcome |
Mobile health (mHealth) interventions | |||||||||
Anand S et al. (2021) [31] | 2021 | RCT | I: 28 C: 28 | I: 56.2 ± 12.3 C: 58.1 ± 9.9 | Stage 3b-4 CKD | mHealth + exercise training VS. exercise training | 16 weeks | Activity tracker | Secondary outcome |
Different dialysis modalities | |||||||||
Pecoits-Filho R et al. [21] | 2021 | RCT | HDF: 97 HD: 98 | HDF: 52.6 ± 15.9 HD: 53.3 ± 14.3 | HD | Hemodiafiltration VS. high-flux HD | 6 months | Triaxial accelerometer | Primary outcome |
Sit Less, Interact, Move More intervention | |||||||||
Lyden K et al. [32] | 2021 | RCT | I: 54 C: 52 | I: 69 ± 14 C: 69 ± 12 | Stage 2–5 CKD | Sit Less, Interact, Move More VS. standard care | 24 weeks | activPAL accelerometer | Primary outcome |