Table 1 DKD progression risk assessment in the 3-group stratification

Age (years)

59(52–66)

59(45–66)

63(53–65)

0.755

Course of disease (years)

8(4–15)

10(4–16)

11(7–16)

0.311

Body mass index (kg/m^2)

24.4(22.5–27.7)

25.5(21.2–27.0)

23.4(21.6–27.2)

0.794

AGEs detection value of noninvasive lens

0.283 ± 0.069

0.290 ± 0.095

0.376 ± 0.057^ab

0.001

Cystatin c (mg/L)

0.90(0.78–0.99)

0.80(0.64–0.97)

1.11(0.96–1.27)^ab

0.014

25-hydroxyvitamin-D (nmol/L)

48.2(35.9–60.3)

42.7(36.3–66.0)

28.7(24.6–35.9)^ab

0.001

Glycosylated hemoglobin (%)

8.4(7.0–9.6)

10.0(8.9–12.1)^a

9.6(9.1–11.0)

0.001

Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L)

0.65(0.47–0.80)

0.51(0.30–0.80)

0.47(0.24–0.98)

0.116

C-peptide 2 h after meal (nmol/L)

1.78(1.13–2.31)

0.75(0.47–1.79)^a

0.75(0.45–1.75)^a

 < 0.001

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

7.0(5.6–8.9)

7.2(6.0–11.1)

8.1(5.1–10.2)

0.129

2 h postprandial blood glucose (mmol/L)

11.9(9.3–15.4)

13.0(8.6–17.4)

7.7(9.1–15.1)

0.083

Fasting insulin (pmol/ml)

47.6(29.2–68.8)

41.7(16.6–68.80)

66.0(26.4–101.2)

0.388

Insulin 2 h after meal (pmol/ml)

261.5(138.8–383.6)

147.4(79.6–276.8)^a

167.0(66.8–360.1)

0.017

Hemoglobin (g/L)

135.9 ± 13.2

133.6 ± 13.9

134.0 ± 24.6

0.340

Blood platelets (*10^9/L)

212.3 ± 56.8

225.7 ± 63.7

241.9 ± 71.8

0.398

NLR

1.87(1.25–2.28)

2.29(1.38–3.46)^a

2.33(1.72–2.89)

0.042

PLR

120(89–155)

126(99–169)

126(101–161)

0.444

NMR

6.74(5.52–8.84)

8.29(6.78–9.83)^a

7.27(6.30–8.78)

0.097

White blood cells (*10^9/L)

5.66(4.84–6.59)

5.78(5.33–6.71)

6.72(5.97–7.73)^a

0.041

Neutrophils (*10^9/L)

3.07(2.43–3.96)

3.71(3.01–5.06)^a

4.21(3.52–5.10)^a

0.004

Monocytes (*10^9/L)

0.44(0.35–0.60)

0.42(0.37–0.54)

0.56(0.43–0.62)

0.155

Lymphocytes (*10^9/L)

1.82(1.54–2.19)

1.76(1.28–2.42)

1.88(1.42–2.24)

0.591

Red blood cells (*10^12/L)

4.48 ± 0.41

4.41 ± 0.48

4.51 ± 0.90

0.505