Plasma proenkephalin A and incident chronic kidney disease and albuminuria in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort

Table 2 Association of PENK-A with incident CKD (defined as new eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m² plus at least 40% eGFR decline)^a

	Quartiles of PENK-A
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Per SD higher	P value⁺
	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	(OR, 95% CI)	P value⁺
Range of PENK-A	< 48	49–57	58–70	> 71
Number of events/Number at Risk (%)
BioMedioR	78/909 (8.6)	79/908 (8.7)	75/909 (8.2)	77/908 (8.5)	309/3634 (8.5)
Weighted	436/1747 (25.0)	436/1752 (24.9)	425/1744 (24.4)	431/1747 (24.7)	1728/6990 (24.7)
Model 1*	Reference	0.95 (0.69, 1.32)	0.89 (0.63, 1.24)	0.86 (0.60, 1.23)	0.94 (0.82, 1.08)	0.42
Model 2**	Reference	1.14 (0.81, 1.61)	1.19 (0.84, 1.70)	1.31 (0.90, 1.91)	1.11 (0.96, 1.28)	0.15
Model 3***	Reference	1.10 (0.77, 1.57)	1.11 (0.76, 1.61)	1.02 (0.67, 1.55)	1.02 (0.86, 1.21)	0.82

P for interaction for sex: 0.14
P for interaction for race: 0.48
^a Weighted to parent cohort and excluding participants missing PENK-A and baseline CKD
^*Adjusted for age, sex, race
^**Adjusted for Model 1 plus body mass index, current smoking, coronary artery disease, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive meds, diabetes mellitus
^***Adjusted for Model 2 plus baseline eGFR and uACR
⁺ P value for SD higher of PENK-A

ISSN: 1471-2369