Table 3 Causes of the different DRPs identified among patients with kidney dysfunction at MRRH

‘No effect of drug treatment despite correct use’

Inappropriate combination of drugs, drugs and herbal medications, or drugs and dietary supplements

Inappropriate timing or dosing intervals

Medication reconciliation problem

‘Effect of drug treatment not optimal’

Incomplete drug treatment despite existing indication

Drug dose too low

The dosage regimen is not frequent enough

Short treatment duration

Inappropriate drug form/formulation (for this patient)

Drug not administered at all by a health professional

Inappropriate timing or dosing intervals

Patient intentionally uses/takes less drug than prescribed or does not take the drug at all for whatever reason

Necessary information not provided

Prescribed drug not available

‘Untreated symptoms or indication’

No or incomplete drug treatment in spite of existing indication

Medication reconciliation problem

‘Adverse event (possibly) occurring’

Inappropriate drug according to guidelines/formulary

Dosage regimen too frequent

Drug dose of a single active ingredient too high

Inappropriate combination of drugs

Too many different drugs/active ingredients prescribed for an indication

Drug dose too low

Medication reconciliation problem

The patient decides to use unnecessary drug

‘Unnecessary drug treatment’

No indication for drug

Inappropriate drug form/formulation (for this patient)

Inappropriate duplication of therapeutic group or active ingredient

Medication reconciliation problem

Too many different drugs/active ingredients prescribed for indication