Fig. 1

The intricate biogenesis process of MALAT-1 and provides insights into its diverse functions in cancer cells. MALAT1, a long non-coding RNA, is transcribed by RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The RNA precursor of MALAT-1 undergoes specific cleavage mediated by RNase P, which occurs immediately downstream of the poly(A)-rich tract. This cleavage event results in the generation of the 3’ end of MALAT-1 and the 5’ end of a small RNA molecule resembling transfer RNA, known as MALAT-1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA (mascRNA). Subsequently, the 3’ end of mascRNA undergoes further cleavage by RNase Z, followed by the addition of a CCA sequence to the newly generated 3’ end. The mature 3’ end of MALAT-1 exhibits a distinct triple helix structure that sets it apart from the conventional poly(A) tail. This unique structure is attributed to the presence of an A-rich region encoded in the genome, along with two U-rich motifs. The triple helix structure contributes to the stability and functional properties of MALAT-1. MALAT-1 has been implicated in various biological processes and has garnered significant attention as a key player in the development and progression of cancer. Its involvement in gene regulation, cellular signaling, and nuclear organization highlights its multifaceted role in cellular physiology and disease pathogenesis