Screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease: why, who, when, how, and what?

BMC Nephrology

Table 1 CKD risk conditions

Diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular disease
Acute kidney injury
Family history of kidney disease and/or genetic kidney disorders
Obesity
Social deprivation
Age 50 years or older*
Urinary tract obstruction
Recurrent kidney stones
Systemic infection (i.e., HIV and viral hepatitides)
Malignancy
Autoimmune disorders
Low birth weight

*Age thresholds have varied in the literature including 50, 55, 60 and 65 years. In the U.S., seniors and Medicare eligibility are defined at age 65 years, making this an attractive threshold

ISSN: 1471-2369