Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Design | Patients | Relevant Patients | Male(%) a | Mean Age a | ESA Treatment | Interventions | Duration | Analyzed Patients | CRP Type | Baseline CRP/hsCRP | CRP ULN | TrailNo | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phase | Patients | Control | |||||||||||||
Effect of CRP on the efficacy of HIF-PHIs | |||||||||||||||
 Provenzano et al. 2016 [20] | 2 | Open-labeled | Dosage-controlled | NDD-CKD | 137 | 36.6 | 64.4 (25, 83)b | Naïve | Roxadustat | 16-24w | 137 | CRP (mg/dl) | - | 5 | NCT01244763 |
 Akizawa et al. 2019 [1] | 3 | Open-labeled | Noncomparative | HD-CKD | 74 | 74.3 | 66.2 (12.1)b | Naïve | Roxadustat | 24-52w | 74 | HsCRP (nmol/l) | 27.313 (74.988) Mean (SD) | 28.57 | NCT02779764 |
 Akizawa et al. 2019 [2] | 3 | Open-labeled | Noncomparative | HD-CKD | 163 | 60.1 | 62.8 (11.8)b | Converted | Roxadustat | 24-52w | 163 | HsCRP (nmol/l) | 13.038 (22.043) Mean (SD) | 28.57 | NCT02780141 |
 Akizawa et al. 2020 [18] | 3 | Double-blinded | Active-controlled | HD-CKD | 150 | 67.3 | 64.6 (11.7)b | Converted | Roxadustat | 24w | 150 | HsCRP (mg/l) | 1.3246 (2.4124) Mean (SD) | 3 | NCT02952092 |
Efficacy of HIF-PHIs in CRP ≥ ULN group compared with ESAs | |||||||||||||||
 Provenzano et al. 2021 [16] | 3 | Open-labeled | Active-controlled | ID-CKD | 450 | 59.2 | 53.8 (14.7)b | Naïve | Roxadustat, Epoetin alfa | 52w | 450 | hsCRP | - |  | NCT02052310 |
 Charytan et al. 2021 [17] | 3 | Open-labeled | Active-controlled | DD-CKD | 368 | 50.5 | 68.4% between 18–65 31.6% ≥ 65c | Converted | Roxadustat, Epoetin alfa | 24w | 368 | HsCRP (mg/dl) | - | 5 | NCT02273726 |
 Fishbane et al. 2022 [15] | 3 | Open-labeled | Active-controlled | DD-CKD | 581 | 59.5 | 53.5 (15.3)b | Converted | Roxadustat, Epoetin alfa | 52w | 581 | hsCRP (mg/dl) | Roxadustat 0.4 (0.2–1.1) Median (IQR) Epoetin alfa 0.4 (0.2–1.0)d | 5 | NCT02174731 |