Table 1 Baseline Characteristics: Vital signs and Biomarkers in the overall collective

n

153

26

127

Age (y) ^a

55.6 ± 15.7

64.8 ± 14.1

53.7 ± 15.4

 < .001 ^b

Sex, % male (n)

56.2 (86)

65.4 (17)

54.3 (69)

.387 ^c

Vital signs at admission to ED

 Heart rate (b.p.m.) ^a

87 ± 15.7

94 ± 16.7

86 ± 15.1

.010 ^d

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) ^a

130 ± 19.3

135 ± 28.0

128 ± 16.9

.096 ^d

 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) ^a

82 ± 15.7

84 ± 26.0

81 ± 12.8

.374 ^d

 Oxygen demand, % (n)

45.1 (69)

76.9 (20)

38.6 (49)

 < .001 ^c

 Respiratory rate (/min) ^a

22 ± 6.0

26 ± 6.2

21 ± 5.6

 < .001 ^d

 NEWS-2 ^e

4 (1.5–6)

7 (5.75–9)

3 (1–5)

 < .001 ^b

Biomarkers

 bio-ADM (pg/ml) ^e

34.5 (22.5–52.5)

58.8 (40.2–104.1)

30.4 (21.3–43.6)

 < .001 ^b

 IL-6 (pg/ml) ^e

32.9 (15.1–69.7)

107.5 (67.4–241.3)

26.5 (13.1–50.2)

 < .001 ^b

 bio-ADM*IL-6 (pg/ml x pg/ml) ^e

1108.3 (432.8–3029.6)

7243.7 (2443.5–32,699.1)

853.2 (333.0–2062.6)

 < .001 ^b

 Serum creatinine (mg/dl) ^e

0.89 (0.75–1.22)

1.05 (0.85–1.42)

0.87 (0.72–1.17)

.014 ^b

 dpp3 (ng/ml) ^e

19.2 (14.5–30.6)

34.8 (20.8–51.3)

17.8 (13.2–26.9)

 < .001 ^b

 hsTnT (ng/l) ^e

8.5 (5.1–14.3)

16.8 (9.8–54.5)

6.7 (4.3–12.1)

 < .001 ^b

 NT-proBNP (pg/ml) ^e

74.4 (50.0–311.0)

455.5 (86.4–2367.75)

67.0 (50.0–191.0)

 < .001 ^b

 White blood cell count (n/nl) ^e

5.53 (4.11–7.49)

6.98 (4.76–9.78)

5.12 (3.93–7.22)

.013 ^b

 CRP (mg/dl) ^e

42.4 (18.6–90.4)

112.0 (74.0–163.0)

32.0 (15.5–70.0)

 < .001 ^b

 Procalcitonin (ng/ml) ^e

0.08 (0.06–0.15)

0.25 (0.09–0.52)

0.07 (0.06–0.12)

 < .001 ^b