Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) on renal outcomes in CKD patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Results of change in uric acid and meta-analysis comparison of uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) group and control group

Change in uric acid and renal outcome parameters	No of studies	ULT no^a. / control no^b	WMD/RR (95%CI)	p value	Study heterogeneity
Change in uric acid and renal outcome parameters	No of studies	ULT no^a. / control no^b	WMD/RR (95%CI)	p value	Chi-square test	df	I²	p value	Egger's test p value
Changes in uric acid	18	1015/1017	-160.54(-191.58,-129.51)	< 0.001^***	505.39	17	96.6%	< 0.001^***	0.022^*
Changes in eGFR (Length of term)
Short term	5	162/164	5.74 (2.09, 9.39)	0.002^**	7.5467	4	47.5%	0.106	0.499
Long term	6	601/604	2.07(0.15,3.98)	0.034^*	1.3205	5	23.4%	0.259	0.096
Changes in Scr (Length of term)
Short term	7	229/235	-44.48(-84.03,-4.92)	0.028^*	1.1e + 03	6	87.7%	< 0.001^***	0.075
Long term	3	135/129	48.65( -77.30,-20.01)	0.001^**	1.0e + 03	2	85.1%	< 0.001^***	0.115
Doubling of Scr without the requirement of dialysis	5	178/177	0.32(0.21, 0.49)	< 0.001^***	2.36	4	0%	0.653	0.077
Events of AKI	3	274/268	0.97(0.45,2.12)	0.943	1.13	2	0%	0.569	0.638

Control, placebo or no treatment, ULT uric acid-lowering therapy; the studies were categorized into three segments based on their follow-up durations: short-term (3–6 months), long-term (> 6 months); the Golmohammadi (2017) [29] study were considered as two sub-studies: Golmohammadi-1(2017) and Golmohammadi-2 (2017); WMD Weight Mean differences; RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
^*p < 0.05, 0.001 < p^** < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; Scr Serum creatinine, AKI acute kidney injury
^adenotes the number of individuals undergoing uric acid-lowering treatment
^bindicates the number of individuals in the control group

ISSN: 1471-2369