Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to exposure to ozone

Outcomes

 End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

N

5957

1513

1432

1478

1534

0.2144

  Follow up duration (ESRD)

Mean ± SD

71.64 ± 52.96

107.85 ± 59.82

83.45 ± 50.31

56.37 ± 40.65

42.03 ± 36.38

 All-cause mortality

N

6768

2193

1865

1523

1182

 < 0.001

  Follow up duration (Mortality)

Mean ± SD

82.12 ± 51.67

119.93 ± 54.20

99.04 ± 44.89

64.69 ± 39.70

47.21 ± 36.61

  NO2

Mean ± SD

33.60 ± 6.54

39.29 ± 15.32

36.75 ± 14.02

34.82 ± 14.12

28.17 ± 13.80

 < 0.001*

  PM10

Mean ± SD

56.79 ± 9.05

60.24 ± 42.25

58.61 ± 33.41

54.06 ± 32.98

50.89 ± 29.92

 < 0.001*

  Age

Mean ± SD

58.37 ± 17.37

62.00 ± 16.82

57.87 ± 17.38

58.17 ± 17.61

58.45 ± 17.22

 < 0.001*

Sex

56,470

 < 0.001

male

29,961(48.82)

6673(11.82)

6693(11.85)

6866(12.16)

7335(12.99)

female

28,903(51.18)

7444(13.81)

7424(13.15)

7252(12.84)

6783(12.01)

Education level (%)

8423

 < 0.001

Elementary

3133 (15.59)

1532 (6.54)

725 (3.10)

809 (3.45)

828 (3.53)

Middle-high

9105(46.36)

4131 (17.64)

2079 (8.88)

2228 (9.51)

2539 (10.84)

College, University

7403 (37.69)

3595 (15.35)

1755 (7.49)

1553 (6.63)

1650 (7.04)

missing

41,432

Income level

19,641

Low

1668(19.80)

348(4.13)

394(4.68)

445(5.28)

481(5.71)

0.307

High

6755(80.20)

1553(18.44)

1558(18.50)

1776(21.09)

1868(27.89)

missing

52,650

BMI

56,470

23.25 ± 3.54

23.62 ± 3.75

23.58 ± 3.71

23.80 ± 3.82

 < 0.001

BMI < 18.5

21,019(37.22)

6082(10.77)

5374(9.52)

5009(8.87)

4554(8.06)

18.5 ≤ BMI < 23

14,477(25.64)

3545(6.28)

3569(6.32)

3650(6.46)

3713(6.58)

23 ≤ BMI < 25

8526(15.10)

1936(3.43)

2118(3.75)

2222(3.93)

2250(3.98)

25 ≤ BMI

12,448(22.04)

2554(4.52)

3056(5.41)

3237(5.73)

3601(6.38)

Diabetic Mellitus

No

43,450(76.94)

11,001(19.48)

10,939(19.37)

10,799(19.12)

10,711(18.97)

 < 0.001

Yes

13,020(23.06)

3116(5.52)

3178(5.63)

3319(5.88)

3407(6.03)

missing

4603

Hypertension

No

44,132(78.15)

11,861(21)

10,710(18.97)

10,564(18.71)

10,997(19.47)

 < 0.001

Yes

12,338(21.85)

2256(4)

3407(6.03)

3554(6.29)

3121(5.53)

missing

4603

e-GFR(mL/min/1.73 m²)

61.07 ± 29.92

61.32 ± 27.35

61.42 ± 28.57

61.74 ± 30.39

60.32 ± 32.63

 < 0.001*

CKD stage

 < 30

9481(16.79)

2142(3.79)

2213(3.92)

2374(4.2)

2752(4.87)

 < 0.001

30–59

16,616(29.42)

3872(6.86)

4102(7.26)

4238(7.5)

4404(7.8)

60–89

21,702(38.43)

6375(11.29)

5789(10.25)

5110(9..05)

4428(7.84)

89 < 

8671(15.36)

1728(3.06)

2013(3.56)

2396(4.24)

2534(4.49)

missing

4603

Beds in medical facilities per 1,000 people

8.75 ± 3.51

9.31 ± 3.83

8.68 ± 3.24

8.19 ± 2.66

9.03 ± 4.29

 < 0.001*

Financial independence

52.17 ± 15.97

54.02 ± 15.76

54.93 ± 14.90

53.23 ± 15.4

45.40 ± 16.41

 < 0.001*