Table 2 Characteristics of studies

Age (years)

Mean age

94

45-87.4

Median age

19

40–87

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (mL/min/1.73m²)

Mean

15

4.1–14.0

Median

10

4.0-10.1

Not reported

88

NA

Dialysis duration (months)

Mean

40

12–135

Median

29

15–92

Not reported

44

NA

Mortality rate (%)

Reported

100

1.3–51

Not reported

13

NA

Sample size of primary papers

113

30–944,650

Characteristics

Number of papers

Percentage

Follow-up time (months)

Mean reported

21

5-78.1

Median reported

17

9.48–39.8

Maximum reported

71

0.03–240

Not reported

4

NA

Population type

HD

76

67.3

PD

7

6.2

Mix HD and PD

23

20.4

Diabetic ESRD

1

0.9

Waiting for kidney transplant

1

0.9

General ESRD*

5

4.3

Statistical model

Cox proportional hazards

90

79.6

Logistic regression

17

15

Modified Poisson regression

3

2.7

Marginal structural Cox model

2

1.8

Lasso penalised logistic regression

1

0.9

Validation

Internal validation reported

3

2.7

External validation reported

4

3.5

Not performed

106

93.8

Characteristics

Number of models (n = 392)

Percentage

Mortality risk period

< 1 year

45

11.5

1–3 years

347

88.5

< 1 year

1–30 days

12

26.7

> 1 month to ≤ 6 months

26

57.8

> 6 months to < 1 year

7

15.6

1–3 years

1 year

191

55

> 1year − 3 years

156

45