Fig. 2

Identification of key basement membrane-related genes in AS. A Generation of a volcano plot of DEGs in AS, with genes having an adjusted p value less than 0.05 considered differentially expressed. B Determination of the optimal soft threshold β, set to 4. C Identification of co-expression modules in AS using the following parameters: minimum module size: 30; sensitivity: 3; module merge threshold: 0.25. D Correlation between the 19 identified co-expression modules and AS. Four modules (blue, dark gray, turquoise, and midnight blue) showed the highest AS correlation. E Scatter plots illustrating correlation between genes (module membership) in the top four modules and AS. F Intersection of DEGs, genes screened by WGCNA, and BMRGs in AS. G GO enrichment analysis of intersected genes in AS