Table 4 Factors associated with AKI among severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia

Age

 18–64

50(37)

85(63)

Ref

Ref

 > =65

44(49.4)

45(50.6)

1.6(0.9, 2.8)^*

1.6(0.7, 3.4)

Sex

 Female

26(34)

51(66)

Ref

Ref

 Male

84(57.1)

63(42.9)

2.6(1.2, 2.3)^**

2.79(1.3, 6.5)^*

Temperature

 Normal

52(34.7)

98(65.3)

Ref

Ref

 Febrile

42(56.8)

32(43.2)

2.4(1.3, 4.3)^**

6.5(2.7, 15.6)^***

Oxygen Saturation (SPO2)

 Normal

8(23.5)

26(76.5)

Ref

Ref

 Hypoxemia

86(45.3)

104(54.7)

2.6(1.1, 6.2)^*

5.1(1.4, 18.9)^*

GCS

 Normal

46(34.8)

86(65.2)

Ref

Ref

 Lethargic

33(50)

33(50)

1.8(1, 3.4)^*

0.9(0.3, 2.5)

 Stuporous

15(57.7)

11(42.3)

2.5(1,6) ^*

0.2(0.05, 0.8)^*

Comorbidity

 No

20(24.1)

63(75.9)

Ref

Ref

 Yes

74(2.5)

67(47.5)

3.4(1.9, 6.3)^***

2.8(1.1, 7.0)^**

Hypertension

 No

59(36)

105(64)

Ref

Ref

 Yes

35(58.3)

25(41.7)

2.4(1.3, 4.5)^**

1.2(0.5, 3.2)

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

 Severe anemia

11(84.6)

2(15.4)

7.2(1.5, 35.2)^*

10(1.7, 65.7)^*

 Moderate

10(76.9)

3(23.1)

4.4(1.1, 17.3)^*

2.8(0.5, 15.2)

 Mild

42(35.9)

75(64.1)

0.7(0.4, 1.3)

0.5(0.2, 1.2)

 Normal

31(43.1)

41(56.9)

Ref

Ref

WBC count

 Normal

36(36.0)

64(64)

Ref

Ref

 Leukopenia

20(90.9)

2(9.1)

17.7(3.9,80.4)^***

68.3(9.8, 474.7)^***

 Leukocytosis

38(38.8)

60(61.2)

1.12(0.6,2)

1.2(.5, 2.6)