Fig. 2

Learning curves for each algorithm.(a) Linear regression, (b) Ridge regression, (c) LASSO regression, (d) Elastic net, (e) Random forest, and (f) GBDT. LASSO regression shows that the accuracy of the training data and the validation data converge to a close value as the number of samples increases. On the other hand, in the GBDT, the accuracy of the training data and the validation data remain divergent even as the number of samples increases