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Table 1 Description of the study sample. Sample stratified by CKD status

From: Chronic kidney disease and its association with cerebral small vessel disease in the general older hypertensive population

 

eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2

eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2

All

Number

94

296

390

Age in years

76.6 (SD 3.6)

75.0 (SD 3.5)

75.4 (SD 3.6)

Female (%)

57 (60.6)

157 (53.0)

214 (54.9)

Years of education

10.7 (SD 3.4)

11.8 (SD 3.8)

11.5 (SD 3.7)

Smoking, current or former

60 (63.8)

176 (59.5)

236 (60.5)

BMI

27.6 (SD 4.2)

26.5 (SD 3.9)

26.7 (SD 4.0)

Diabetes, type 1 or 2 (%)

19 (20.2)

43 (14.5)

62 (15.9)

Hypertension, primary or secondary (%)

74 (78.7)

132 (44.6)

206 (52.8)

Heart disease (%)1

41 (43.6)

88 (29.7)

129 (33.1)

Cerebrovascular disease (%)2

16 (17.0)

30 (10.1)

46 (11.8)

eGFR mean (ml/min/1.73m2)

50.2 (SD 8.4)

77.3 (SD 10.8)

70.8 (SD 15.5)

MRI findings

   

WMHs (%)3

37 (39.4)

83 (28.0)

120 (30.8)

Lacunar infarcts (%)4

10 (10.6)

22 (7.4)

32 (8.2)

CMBs (%)5

34 (36.2)

73 (24.7)

107 (27.4)

Cortical atrophy (%)6

56 (59.6)

141 (47.6)

197 (50.5)

Composite CSVD (%)7

58 (61.7)

140 (47.3)

198 (50.8)

Modified STRIVE (%)8

80 (85.1)

229 (77.4)

309 (79.2)

  1. eGFR calculated from creatinine and cystatin C in non-underweight participants and on cystatin C in underweight participants (BMI < 23) using the CKD-EPI formula
  2. Abbreviations: BMI = Body mass index, CKD = Chronic kidney disease, CKD-EPI = chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, CMBs = Cerebral microbleeds, CSVD = Cerebral small vessel disease, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, GCA = Global cortical atrophy, MRI = Magnetic resonance imaging, SD = Standard deviation, STRIVE = Standards for reporting vascular changes on neuroimaging, WMHs = White matter hyperintensities
  3. 1 Coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and/or presence of cardiac and vascular implants and grafts
  4. 2 Nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, stenosis of cerebral or precerebral arteries, and/or transient ischemic attack
  5. 3 WMHs defined as Fazekas scale ≥ 2
  6. 4 Lacunar infarcts defined as presence of ≥ 1 lacunar infarct
  7. 5 CMBs defined as presence of ≥ 1 CMB
  8. 6 Cortical atrophy defined as GCA ≥ 1 and/or Koedam score ≥ 1 and/or ≥ 1 frontal/frontotemporal/temporal atrophy
  9. 7 Presence of CSVD according to the composite CSVD variable was defined as Fazekas scale ≥ 2 and/or presence of ≥ 1 lacunar infarct and/or ≥ 1 CMB
  10. 8 Presence of CSVD according to the modified STRIVE variable was defined as Fazekas scale ≥ 2 and/or presence of ≥ 1 lacunar infarct and/or presence of ≥ 1 CMB and/or presence of cortical atrophy and/or presence of central atrophy
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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