Decreasing incidence of hospital diagnosed CKD/CKDu in North Central Province of Sri Lanka: is it related to provision of drinking water reverse osmosis plants?

Ranasinghe, Asanga Venura; Somatunga, Lakshmi C.; Kumara, Gardiye Weligamage Gamini Priyantha; Karunarathna, Ranamuka Henayage; De Silva, Ambepitiyawaduge Pubudu; Gunawardena, Jayaprakara Mudiyanselage Chathurika Nayani; Kumari, Sembu Kuttige Champika Ruwan; Sarjana, Mohamed Shali Fathima; De Silva, Mannikawadumesthri Vipula Chandu

doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03534-w

Table 2 Incidence of hospital diagnosed chronic kidney disease/chronic kidney disease of uncertain origin, number screened for chronic kidney disease/chronic kidney disease of uncertain origin and the percentage of families provided with reverse osmosis water from 2010 to 2020 in Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa districts

From: Decreasing incidence of hospital diagnosed CKD/CKDu in North Central Province of Sri Lanka: is it related to provision of drinking water reverse osmosis plants?

District/Division	Indicator	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020
Anuradhapura district	CKD/CKDu incidence	134.0	120.8	138.4	123.1	281.8	329.4	381.9	276.6	187.4	175.0	103.3
	% Families receiving RO water			1.5	2.0	5.7	13.9	33.2	49.2	64.5	67.0	68.3
	No. Screened						62,427	89,184	79,051	57,957	40,172	15,586
Medawachchiya	CKD/CKDu incidence	492.5	420.0	373.1	528.7	1119.3	1063.8	709.9	556.4	251.6	266.5	78.9
	% Families receiving RO water					5.9	38.3	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.2
	No. Screened						3513	3420	7221	3753	2484	1479
Padaviya	CKD/CKDu incidence	587.0	417.4	756.6	587.0	565.3	478.3	469.6	500.0	452.2	273.9	247.8
	% Families receiving RO water						24.7	52.0	84.7	129.5	133.8	146.9
	No. Screened						3525	6052	4998	4562	2854	1224
Rambewa	CKD/CKDu incidence	304.5	244.7	250.1	24.5	405.1	647.1	742.2	367.0	288.2	367.0	103.3
	% Families receiving RO water				4.2	13.3	36.6	55.5	55.5	55.5	55.5	55.5
	No. Screened						3457	6946	6056	4992	3414	737
Kahatagasdigiliya	CKD/CKDu incidence	181.0	171.1	252.9	317.3	357.0	629.7	622.2	488.4	409.0	433.8	178.5
	% Families receiving RO water						19.1	46.8	54.4	54.4	54.4	54.4
	No. Screened						2155	5240	3031	2976	4050	1090
Kebithigollewa	CKD/CKDu incidence	497.2	371.8	434.5	519.6	645.0	712.2	362.8	250.8	206.0	107.5	94.1
	% Families receiving RO water					4.8	19.9	39.7	63.4	91.7	101.2	104.1
	No. Screened						5645	3395	1914	1351	806
NPC (Nuwaragampalatha Central)	CKD/CKDu incidence	78.4	102.9	44.1	37.6	176.4	223.8	347.9	284.2	184.6	179.7	114.3
	% Families receiving RO water			0.4	3.8	4.2	6.2	25.6	41.7	43.6	43.6	43.6
	No. Screened						1975	8118	12,434	1444	2984	847
Maha wilachchiya	CKD/CKDu incidence	106.8	62.3	133.5	129.8	124.6	249.3	342.7	289.3	213.6	164.7	75.7
	% Families receiving RO water		0.2	4.1	4.1	9.7	23.5	46.9	91.3	111.8	111.8	111.8
	No. Screened										518	665
Horowpothana	CKD/CKDu incidence	256.8	240.6	294.7	262.2	392	400.1	700.2	665.0	256.8	197.4	102.7
	% Families receiving RO water						5.1	31.9	41.1	41.1	41.1	41.1
	No. Screened						4186	7540	11,480	6860	4201	2234
Galenbindunuwewa	CKD/CKDu incidence	80.9	114.9	66.0	117.0	500.1	508.6	385.2	355.4	242.6	210.7	180.9
	% Families receiving RO water					7.1	20.5	71.7	99.3	116.3	116.3	116.3
	No. Screened						2716	3303	2712	4275	2016	887
NPE (Nuwaragampalatha East)	CKD/CKDu incidence	25.8	57.4	21.5	10.0	114.7	121.9	137.7	142.0	120.4	143.4	97.5
	% Families receiving RO water			3.5	3.5	8.0	8.6	23.3	26.4	35.5	43.5	49.1
	No. Screened						1724	3858	3617	5019	992	278
Nachchidoowa	CKD/CKDu incidence	63.0	59.1	23.6	19.7	74.9	224.6	382.2	338.9	134.0	122.2	74.9
	% Families receiving RO water					1.7	1.7	24.1	24.9	42.4	55.0	59.9
	No. Screened										168	152
Thalawa	CKD/CKDu incidence	72.7	55.4	62.3	36.3	261.3	216.3	437.8	299.3	178.2	154.0	98.6
	% Families receiving RO water			0.6	1.7	1.7	8.0	17.5	42.4	64.5	67.3	67.3
	No. Screened						2812	4523	2923	3706	1957	662
Thirappane	CKD/CKDu incidence	74.0	103.5	44.4	33.3	173.8	277.3	1301.6	251.4	177.5	155.3	107.2
	% Families receiving RO water						3.3	14.7	38.2	76.9	76.9	76.9
	No. Screened						2771	2835	1899	1899	1307	980
Nochchiyagama	CKD/CKDu incidence	46.1	48.1	110.2	52.1	182.4	202.5	332.8	218.5	152.3	186.4	106.2
	% Families receiving RO water			8.0	8.0	8.0	8.4	30.9	62.8	83.7	83.7	83.7
	No. Screened						3775	6385	3358	2761	3483	893
Kekirawa	CKD/CKDu incidence	37.1	35.4	11.8	11.8	173.9	200.9	138.4	118.2	82.7	72.6	67.5
	% Families receiving RO water						3.9	16.1	29.6	48.1	48.1	48.1
	No. Screened						1259	3928	3495	3928	558
Palugaswewa	CKD/CKDu incidence	57.8	44.9	51.3	77.0	154.0	276.0	154.0	128.4	154.0	115.5	96.3
	% Families receiving RO water					20.7	31.2	47.8	49.1	87.9	87.9	87.9
	No. Screened										245	194
Mihintale	CKD/CKDu incidence	68.0	87.8	65.2	36.8	223.8	240.8	246.5	266.3	204.0	170.0	85.0
	% Families receiving RO water			0.4	0.4	6.3	11.6	26.5	54.3	87.5	87.5	87.5
	No. Screened						2962	3175	2774	2433	2321	957
Thambuthtegama	CKD/CKDu incidence	61.3	54.2	263.9	99.0	124.9	120.2	190.9	139.03	101.3	94.3	91.9
	% Families receiving RO water			7.2	7.2	33.0	33.0	65.8	93.1	110.7	110.7	110.7
	No. Screened						1544	2122	1365	1903	1480	1100
Galnewa	CKD/CKDu incidence	69.1	43.2	51.8	48.9	169.8	279.1	218.7	132.4	120.8	115.1	71.9
	% Families receiving RO water						9.7	30.7	44.4	77.0	81.1	81.1
	No. Screened						3573	2904	3099	2088	1868	538
Rajanganaya	CKD/CKDu incidence	53.7	35.8	41.7	56.6	71.6	101.4	131.2	101.4	107.3	95.4	44.7
	% Families receiving RO water			5.0	5.0	5.0	11.4	17.4	40.6	48.3	51.4	51.4
	No. Screened						455	3726	575	1363	1103	122
Ipalogama	CKD/CKDu incidence	30.9	48.9	36.0	25.7	100.4	139	213.6	110.6	102.9	102.9	95.2
	% Families receiving RO water							7.3	14.7	18.7	26.7	33.5
	No. Screened						5614	6366	4129	1875	1280	463
Palagala	CKD/CKDu incidence	94.1	52.9	100.0	91.2	141.2	202.9	205.9	185.3	155.9	108.8	79.4
	% Families receiving RO water							6.4	9.0	20.8	28.9	28.9
	No. Screened						8766	5348	1971	769	83	84
Polonnaruwa district	CKD/CKDu incidence	121.4	143.6	132.5	199.7	247.7	293.5	437.1	395.7	346.0	290.8	154.4
	% Families receiving RO water		0.3	0.9	1.0	1.7	10.0	28.1	47.3	56.5	64.0	75.7
	No. Screened						40,345	36,681	44,681	33,362	33,893	18,356
Medirigiriya	CKD/CKDu incidence	204.4	221.1	184.5	408.7	517.0	513.9	666.4	494.1	378.2	376.7	132.7
	% Families receiving RO water					0.4	18.5	42.8	88.0	94.0	94.0	94.0
	No. Screened						8332	6927	5891	5526	4169	1162
Dimbulagala	CKD/CKDu incidence	189.6	175.7	167.0	200.8	169.5	263.6	479.5	308.8	311.3	242.3	136.8
	% Families receiving RO water		2.2	4.8	5.5	6.2	13.6	16.3	23.3	31.2	45.3	65.8
	No. Screened						7306	7364	6878	5355	5573	3782
Hingurakgoda	CKD/CKDu incidence	129.1	160.2	138.4	146.2	188.2	368.6	521.1	364.0	371.8	278.4	140.0
	% Families receiving RO water			1.7	1.7	4.6	10.0	22.9	36.3	48.1	55.4	63.7
	No. Screened						6245	7135	5534	4220	4645	2192
Elahera	CKD/CKDu incidence	91.1	118.4	143.5	202.7	432.6	330.2	414.4	838.0	453.1	505.5	184.4
	% Families receiving RO water						3.0	9.1	31.5	47.4	48.0	56.3
	No. Screened						6599	1779	4912	3276	2095	2098
Thamankaduwa	CKD/CKDu incidence	43.7	74.0	49.7	129.8	125.0	142.0	235.4	254.8	304.5	236.6	213.5
	% Families receiving RO water						2.9	13.1	14.2	16.9	30.2	39.2
	No. Screened						3969	4349	9894	6772	10,976	6160
Lankapura	CKD/CKDu incidence	63.1	181.1	175.6	192.0	175.6	241.4	428.0	397.8	364.9	266.1	164.6
	% Families receiving RO water						14.8	75.1	104.3	120.0	154.2	161.2
	No. Screened						3258	2140	5083	3780	3837	1473
Welikanda	CKD/CKDu incidence	77.0	47.4	80.0	68.1	159.9	171.8	263.5	236.9	257.6	142.1	71.1
	% Families receiving RO water					0.2	8.7	35.8	59.8	71.6	103.1	111.7
	No. Screened						4636	6987	6489	4433	2598	1489
CKD/CKDu incidence		highest proportion
		Lowest proportion
		Significant decreasing point
% Families receiving RO water reaching 20%—40%
Highest number screened
Overall CKD/CKDu decreasing year taken as 2017					2017

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