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Table 1 The characteristics of NMPE patients and comparison between AKI and non-AKI group

From: Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with nonmalignant pleural effusions: a retrospective cohort study

n

Overall

Non-AKI

AKI

p

3047

2687

360

 

eGFR (mean (SD)) (mL/min/1.73m2)

84.87 (31.24)

86.90 (30.05)

69.76 (35.54)

 < 0.001

Age (median [IQR])

66 [50, 80]

64 [49, 79]

78 [60.75, 87]

 < 0.001

Female (%)

1119 (36.7)

977 (36.4)

142 (39.4)

0.279

Bilateral (%)

1907 (62.6)

1685 (62.7)

222 (61.7)

0.744

Pleural effusion volume (%)

  

 < 0.001

 Small

2342 (76.9)

2132 (79.3)

210 (58.3)

 Median

612 (20.1)

485 (18.0)

127 (35.3)

 Large

93 (3.1)

70 (2.6)

23 (6.4)

 

ICU admission (%)

555 (18.2)

415 (15.4)

140 (38.9)

 < 0.001

WBC count (median [IQR]) (*10^9/L)

7.00 [5.35, 9.56]

6.91 [5.30, 9.36]

7.78 [5.79, 11.15]

 < 0.001

Serum sodium (median [IQR]) (mmol/L)

139.80 [136.90, 142.20]

139.80 [137.00, 142.10]

139.70 [136.00, 143.10]

0.716

Serum potassium (median [IQR]) (mmol/L)

3.89 [3.56, 4.20]

3.88 [3.56, 4.19]

3.97 [3.57, 4.40]

0.003

Proteinuria (%)

1037 (35.4)

867 (33.6)

170 (48.4)

 < 0.001

Platelet count (median [IQR]) (*10^9/L)

201.00 [148.00, 265.00]

205.00 [151.00, 269.00]

172.50 [114.00, 227.00]

 < 0.001

CRP (median [IQR]) (mg/L)

0.50 [0.10, 2.50]

0.40 [0.10, 2.30]

1.40 [0.31, 4.70]

 < 0.001

Serum albumin (median [IQR]) (g/L)

33.00 [27.90, 37.10]

33.10 [27.90, 37.20]

32.20 [28.10, 36.00]

0.056

Mechanical ventilation (%)

211 (6.9)

142 (5.3)

69 (19.2)

 < 0.001

Thoracentesis (%)

212 (7.0)

165 (6.1)

47 (13.1)

 < 0.001

Exudatesa (n/total (%))

96/177 (54.2)

80/141 (56.7)

16/36 (44.4)

0.186

Contrast agents (%)

671 (22.0)

624 (23.2)

47 (13.1)

 < 0.001

NSAIDs (%)

648 (21.3)

543 (20.2)

105 (29.2)

 < 0.001

Vancomycin/Teicoplanin (%)

379 (12.4)

285 (10.6)

94 (26.1)

 < 0.001

Aminoglycosides (%)

72 (2.4)

57 (2.1)

15 (4.2)

0.027

Spironolactone (%)

1320 (43.3)

1103 (41.0)

217 (60.3)

 < 0.001

ACEI/ARB (%)

1124 (36.9)

1008 (37.5)

116 (32.2)

0.058

Loop diuretics (%)

2036 (66.8)

1709 (63.6)

327 (90.8)

 < 0.001

Vasoactive agents (%)

233 (7.6)

148 (5.5)

85 (23.6)

 < 0.001

Digitalis (%)

382 (12.5)

301 (11.2)

81 (22.5)

 < 0.001

Heart failure (%)

1252 (41.1)

1029 (38.3)

223 (61.9)

 < 0.001

Pneumonia (%)

1142 (37.5)

956 (35.6)

186 (51.7)

 < 0.001

Pancreatitis (%)

90 (3.0)

79 (2.9)

11 (3.1)

1

CCI (median [IQR])

2.00 [1.00, 3.00]

1.00 [1.00, 3.00]

2.00 [1.00, 4.00]

 < 0.001

  1. Abbreviation: eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, WBC white blood cell, CRP C-reactive protein, ACEI Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, ARB angiotension II receptor blocker, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index
  2. aEffusions were classified either as transudative or exudative by Light’s criteria
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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