Table 2 Heavy metal levels comparison in different groups

As DL (mcg/Lt)

0.191 ppb

U/B ratio

0.13 (0.00–0.80)

0.73 (0.00–32.37)

2.2 (0.86–70.1)

Blood_As (mcg/Lt)^a

4.5 (0.0, 58.8)

91.97 (1.3, 132.7)

39.01 (4.8, 67.4)

< 0.001*

0.001

0.006

0.005

% above DL

64.2

78.3

81.2

< 0.001^#

Urine As (mcg/gm)^a

17.1 (7.7, 29.9)

11.1 (2.8, 22.1)

97.4 (52.4, 152.5)

< 0.001*

0.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

94

83.4

100

< 0.001^#

Cd DL (mcg/Lt)

0.0

U/B ratio

0.09 (0.04-.17)

0.10 (0.06–0.21)

0.03 (0.01–0.14)

Blood_Cd (mcg/Lt)^a

10.9 (3.4, 14.0)

9.8 (0.7, 15.2)

2.7 (1.6, 3.8)

< 0.001*

0.5

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

91.9

91.6

100

< 0.001^#

Urine_Cd (mcg/gm)^a

1.0 (0.3, 1.7)

0.5 (0.0, 1.5)

0.0 (0.0, 0.1)

< 0.001*

0.063

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

80.5

62.8

24.1

< 0.001^#

Lead DL (mcg/Lt)

0.822

U/B ratio

2.13 (0.38–5.2)

1.6 (0.49–3.47)

0.06 (0.04–0.27)

Blood_Pb (mcg/Lt)^a

54.9 (7.1, 77.6)

27.1 (4.0, 66.3)

10.9 (0.0, 30.0)

< 0.001*

0.14

< 0.001

0.006

% above DL

80

85

74.1

0.510^#

Urine_Pb (mcg/gm)^a

70.5 (17.6, 162.2)

29.0 (1.1, 142.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.1)

< 0.001*

0.5

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

80.6

76.7

29.6

< 0.001^#

Chromium DL (mcg/Lt)

3.156

U/B ratio

0.13 (0.04–0.18)

0.13 (0.07–0.22)

0.03 (0.01–0.05)

Blood Cr (mcg/Lt)^a

477.2 (253.5, 597.4)

455.0 (156.4, 629.2)

221.4 (177.5, 268.6)

< 0.001*

0.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

100

86.7

100

< 0.001^#

Urine Cr (mcg/gm)^a

59.2 (21.7, 82.8)

34.7 (6.3, 82.0)

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

< 0.001*

0.5

< 0.001

< 0.001

% above DL

85.5

86.7

14.8

< 0.001^#