Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline (ascertained up to 2 years prior to HF)

Count (N)

5149

1847

6996

Age at heart failure: Mean (SD)

65.71 (14.54)

64.71 (14.60)

65.44 (14.57)

0.01

Female Sex at Birth: % (N)

52.2% (2687)

39.4% (728)

48.8% (3415)

 < 0.01

Race: % (N)

0.03

 Black

14.6% (754)

17.1% (316)

15.3% (1070)

 Other^a

2.7% (137)

2.3% (43)

2.6% (180)

 White

82.7% (4258)

80.6% (1488)

82.1% (5746)

Albumin: Mean (SD)

4.00 (0.45)

4.00 (0.47)

4.00 (0.46)

0.87

Systolic Blood Pressure: Mean (SD)

133.06 (20.53)

133.28 (21.17)

133.12 (20.70)

0.71

Diastolic Blood Pressure: Mean (SD)

73.95 (12.91)

76.09 (13.71)

74.52 (13.16)

 < 0.01

Body Mass Index: Mean (SD)

31.22 (7.99)

29.59 (7.23)

30.80 (7.83)

 < 0.01

Estimated GFR: Mean (SD)

82.43 (28.76)

83.45 (28.66)

82.70 (28.73)

0.19

Serum Creatinine: Mean (SD)

0.99 (0.36)

1.02 (0.39)

1.00 (0.37)

 < 0.01

Atrial Fibrillation: % (N)

17.8% (915)

13.5% (250)

16.7% (1165)

 < 0.01

Anemia: % (N)

9.6% (496)

7.1% (132)

9.0% (628)

 < 0.01

COPD: % (N)

18.7% (962)

15.4% (284)

17.8% (1246)

 < 0.01

Coronary Artery Disease: % (N)

31.4% (1617)

34.1% (629)

32.1% (2246)

0.04

Diabetes: % (N)

30.9% (1589)

30.3% (560)

30.7% (2149)

0.69

Hypertension: % (N)

65.9% (3394)

60.4% (1115)

64.5% (4509)

 < 0.01

Liver Disease: % (N)

8.6% (442)

4.4% (81)

7.5% (523)

 < 0.01

Myocardial Infarction: % (N)

8.4% (430)

9.9% (182)

8.7% (612)

0.06

Peripheral Artery Disease: % (N)

9.1% (468)

8.1% (149)

8.8% (617)

0.20

Rheumatic Disease: % (N)

7.2% (371)

6.0% (111)

6.9% (482)

0.09

Alcohol Abuse: % (N)

3.0% (156)

3.5% (64)

3.1% (220)

0.40

Smoking Status: % (N)

0.01

 Former

8.0% (414)

6.2% (114)

7.5% (528)

 Never

21.2% (1093)

16.1% (298)

19.9% (1391)

 Smoker

4.1% (213)

5.0% (92)

4.4% (305)

 Unknown

0.8% (41)

0.6% (12)

0.8% (53)

 Missing

65.8% (3388)

72.1% (1331)

67.5% (4719)

Cancer: % (N)

25.1% (1292)

23.3% (430)

24.6% (1722)

0.13

HIV: % (N)

1.8% (92)

2.2% (40)

1.9% (132)

0.35

Dyslipidemia: % (N)

70.7% (3640)

69.7% (1288)

70.4% (4928)

0.46

CT Scan with Contrast: % (N)

2.5% (127)

1.7% (31)

2.3% (158)

0.06

Ace Inhibitors: % (N)

20.6% (1063)

19.1% (353)

20.2% (1416)

0.17

Alpha Blockers: % (N)

2.0% (102)

1.2% (23)

1.8% (125)

0.05

Beta Blockers: % (N)

25.6% (1319)

19.7% (364)

24.1% (1683)

 < 0.01

Loop Diuretics: % (N)

14.8% (760)

7.6% (140)

12.9% (900)

 < 0.01

Mineralocorticoid Antagonists: % (N)

3.2% (165)

1.7% (31)

2.8% (196)

 < 0.01

Nitrates: % (N)

8.8% (453)

7.1% (132)

8.4% (585)

0.03

Non-Loop Diuretics: % (N)

18.1% (931)

14.3% (265)

17.1% (1196)

 < 0.01

Statins: % (N)

28.6% (1471)

24.7% (456)

27.5% (1927)

 < 0.01

NSAIDS: % (N)

20.4% (1051)

16.9% (313)

19.5% (1364)

 < 0.01

Calcium Channel Blockers: % (N)

20.6% (1060)

15.6% (289)

19.3% (1349)

 < 0.01

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: % (N)

14.3% (736)

9.9% (183)

13.1% (919)

 < 0.01

Insulin: % (N)

8.5% (436)

6.1% (112)

7.8% (548)

 < 0.01

Metformin: % (N)

10.1% (520)

8.9% (164)

9.8% (684)

0.14

Other Diabetes Medications: % (N)

8.2% (424)

7.9% (146)

8.1% (570)

0.69