Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in training and validation cohorts
Variables | Total (n = 606) | Training Cohorts (n = 424) | Validation Cohorts (n = 182) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 74.1 ± 5.9 | 73.9 ± 5.8 | 74.6 ± 6.0 | 0.223 |
Male (%) | 360 (59.4) | 246 (58) | 114 (62.6) | 0.289 |
Myocardial infarction (%) | 85 (14.0) | 60 (14.2) | 25 (13.7) | 0.893 |
Heart failure (%) | 124 (20.5) | 91 (21.5) | 33 (18.1) | 0.352 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 80 (13.2) | 50 (11.8) | 30 (16.5) | 0.118 |
Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 35 (5.8) | 24 (5.7) | 11 (6) | 0.853 |
dementia, n (%) | 39 (6.4) | 29 (6.8) | 10 (5.5) | 0.536 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 259 (42.7) | 179 (42.2) | 80 (44) | 0.692 |
Hypertension (%) | 407 (67.2) | 289 (68.2) | 118 (64.8) | 0.424 |
COPD (%) | 56 (9.2) | 35 (8.3) | 21 (11.5) | 0.201 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 0.308 |
Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 16.9 ± 5.2 | 16.7 ± 5.3 | 17.6 ± 5.0 | 0.042 |
Phosphate (mg/dL) | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 5.6 ± 2.1 | 5.3 ± 2.0 | 0.073 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 4.4 | 23.5 ± 4.5 | 23.4 ± 4.1 | 0.917 |
SBP (mmHg) | 112.7 ± 21.6 | 113.1 ± 22.0 | 111.7 ± 20.6 | 0.477 |
DBP (mmHg) | 57.8 ± 13.6 | 57.6 ± 13.3 | 58.2 ± 14.4 | 0.622 |
MAP (mmHg) | 76.2 ± 14.0 | 76.4 ± 14.0 | 75.7 ± 13.9 | 0.598 |
MV (%) | 460 (75.9) | 320 (75.5) | 140 (76.9) | 0.702 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.6 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 2.2 | 9.6 ± 2.0 | 0.987 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.6 | 0.905 |
APACHE II score | 28.3 ± 7.9 | 28.3 ± 8.0 | 28.1 ± 7.8 | 0.794 |
SOFA score | 11.8 ± 3.5 | 11.6 ± 3.4 | 12.0 ± 3.5 | 0.186 |
AKI cause, (%) | 0.501 | |||
Sepsis | 418 (69.0) | 291 (68.6) | 127 (69.8) | |
Nephrotoxin | 22 (3.6) | 19 (4.5) | 3 (1.6) | |
Ischemia | 57 (9.4) | 39 (9.2) | 18 (9.9) | |
Surgery | 53 (8.7) | 35 (8.3) | 18 (9.9) | |
Others | 56 (9.2) | 40 (9.4) | 16 (8.8) | |
White blood cell (µL) | 12250.0 (7362.5, 19045.0) | 12445.0 (7847.5, 19160.0) | 11690.0 (6957.5, 18812.5) | 0.735 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 52.0 (35.0, 74.0) | 53.0 (35.0, 75.2) | 48.5 (33.2, 71.0) | 0.245 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) | 2.4 (1.7, 3.5) | 2.3 (1.7, 3.4) | 0.912 |
CRP (mg/L) | 100.1 (39.3, 147.9) | 100.0 (37.7, 149.4) | 101.4 (45.6, 147.6) | 0.605 |
GFR (ml/min) | 24.3 (15.4, 35.9) | 24.8 (15.0, 35.6) | 23.6 (16.8, 36.3) | 0.856 |
CCI | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.8) | 0.716 |