Table 3 Associated characteristics of executive function

Age, mean (SE)

72.9 (0.8)

76.3 (0.9)

78.9 (0.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001*

Gender, n (%)

0.418

0.858*

 Female

18 (35.3%)

14 (26.9%)

22 (42.3%)

 Male

33 (64.7%)

38 (73.1%)

30 (57.7%)

Higher educational level, n (%)

20 (39.2%)

16 (30.8%)

11 (21.2%)

0.003

0.007*

eGFR, mean (SE)

15.6 (0.6)

16.5 (0.6)

16.5 (0.7)

0.246

0.177

ΔeGFR, mean (SE)

10.3 (1.5)

8.0 (1.1)

8.9 (1.1)

0.567

0.962

Urea, mean (SE)

21.1 (0.8)

21.9 (0.9)

19.7 (0.8)

0.100

0.053

Phosphate, mean (SE)

1.4 (0.04)

1.3 (0.03)

1.2 (0.04)

0.064

0.160

Calcium, mean (SE)

2.4 (0.02)

2.3 (0.02)

2.4 (0.02)

0.425

0.299

Vascular vs non-vascular cause, n (%)

0.574

0.566

 Vascular

32 (64.0%)

35 (67.3%)

30 (58.8%)

 Non-vascular

18 (36.0%)

17 (32.7%)

21 (41.2%)

Ankle-Brachial index (right), mean (SE)

0.99 (0.03)

0.89 (0.04)

1.02 (0.04)

0.500

0.303

Presence of diabetes, n (%)

21 (41.2%)

17 (32.7%)

25 (48.0%)

0.199

0.157

History of vascular disease, n (%)

16 (31.4%)

28 (53.8%)

28 (53.8%)

0.012

0.089

Polypharmacy (≥5), n (%)

44 (88.0%)

47 (90.4%)

46 (90.2%)

0.899

0.696

Fried Frailty Index, mean (SE)

1.0 (0.2)

1.7 (0.2)

2.1 (0.2)

< 0.001

0.001

IADL, mean (SE)

1.6 (0.3)

2.7 (0.4)

5.0 (0.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Walking speed, mean (SE)

1.2 (0.05)

1.3 (0.2))

0.9 (0.04)

0.089

0.101

Handgrip strength, mean (SE)

27.5 (1.5)

25.9 (1.3)

22.6 (1.2)

0.003

0.020